ESTeSL - Capítulos ou partes de livros
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- 3D-2D image registration by nonlinear regressionPublication . Gouveia, A. R.; Metz, C.; Freire, Luís; Klein, S.We propose a 3D-2D image registration method that relates image features of 2D projection images to the transformation parameters of the 3D image by nonlinear regression. The method is compared with a conventional registration method based on iterative optimization. For evaluation, simulated X-ray images (DRRs) were generated from coronary artery tree models derived from 3D CTA scans. Registration of nine vessel trees was performed, and the alignment quality was measured by the mean target registration error (mTRE). The regression approach was shown to be slightly less accurate, but much more robust than the method based on an iterative optimization approach.
- Ability assessment of the elders to manage their own medication: a first step for the empowerment of the geriatric populationPublication . Advinha, Ana M.; Nunes, Carla; Lopes, Manuel J.; Oliveira-Martins, SofiaAbout 45% of older people are unable to take their medicines as prescribed. Adherence represents a complex behavior that involves both the intention and the ability to take medication. In this way, it is important to distinguish the intention to take medicine and the ability to do so. The daily consumption of medication is a methodical process, marked by routine and that can be affected by several systematic errors associated, not only due to ignorance and illiteracy, but also to its gradual loss of functional ability (physical, cognitive, and sensorial), in order to manage medication. Decreased cognitive skills, visual acuity, and manual dexterity have a significant impact on non-adherence (non-intentional), which may lead to health problems as a result of the absence or incorrect medication administration. This study presented as its main objective to assess the functional ability of community-dwelling elderly to manage their own medication, with recourse to specific tools, validated and adapted to Portugal.
- Air contaminants in animal production: the poultry casePublication . Viegas, Carla; Viegas, Susana; Monteiro, Ana; Carolino, Elisabete; Sabino, Raquel; Veríssimo, C.A descriptive study was developed in order to assess air contamination caused by fungi and particles in seven poultry units. Twenty seven air samples of 25 litters were collected through impaction method. Air sampling and particle concentration measurement were performed in the pavilions’ interior and also outside premises, since this was the place regarded as reference. Simultaneously, temperature and relative humidity were also registered. Regarding fungal load in the air from the seven poultry farms, the highest value obtained was 24040 CFU/m3 and the lowest was 320 CFU/m3. Twenty eight species/genera of fungi were identified, being Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (39.0%) the most commonly isolated species and Rhizopus sp. (30.0%) the most commonly isolated genus. From the Aspergillus genus, Aspergillus flavus (74.5%) was the most frequently detected species. There was a significant correlation (r=0.487; p=0.014) between temperature and the level of fungal contamination (CFU/m3). Considering contamination caused by particles, in this study, particles with larger dimensions (PM5.0 and PM10) have higher concentrations. There was also a significant correlation between relative humidity and concentration of smaller particles namely, PM0.5 (r=0.438; p=0.025) and PM1.0 (r=0.537; p=0.005). Characterizing typical exposure levels to these contaminants in this specific occupational setting is required to allow a more detailed risk assessment analysis and to set exposure limits to protect workers’ health.
- Air fungal contamination in ten hospitals’ food units from LisbonPublication . Viegas, Carla; Ramos, C.; Almeida-Silva, Marina; Sabino, Raquel; Veríssimo, Carlos; Rosado, LauraA descriptive study was developed to monitor air fungal contamination in ten food units from hospitals. Fifty air samples of 250 litres were collected through impaction method. Samples were collected in food storage facilities, kitchen, food plating, canteen and also, outside premises, since this is the place regarded as reference. Simultaneously, environmental parameters were also monitored, including temperature and relative humidity through the equipment Babouc, LSI Sistems and according to the International Standard ISO 7726.
- Air fungal contamination in two elementary schools in Lisbon, PortugalPublication . Viegas, Carla; Veríssimo, C.; Rosado, Laura; Santos, Carlos SilvaA descriptive study was developed to monitor air fungal contamination in two elementary schools in Lisbon, Portugal. Eight air samples of 250 litres through impaction method were collected in canteen, library, classrooms and also, outside premises as reference place. Simultaneously, were also monitored environmental parameters, including temperature, and humidity through the equipment Babouc, LSI Sistems and according to the International Standard ISO 7726 - 1998. Considering both schools, sixteen different species of fungi in air were identified, being the 2 most commonly isolated Cladosporium sp. (51,1%) and Penicillium sp. (27,5%). Besides these genera Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Chrysonilia, Botritys, Ulocladium, Athrium, Aureobasidium, Phoma, Scedosporium e Geotrichum were also isolated. Regarding yeasts, Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp. and Rhodotorula sp. were isolated. The youngest school, as well canteens in each school, presented the worst results concerning the air fungal contamination, maybe due to the higher number of occupants. There was no significant relationship (p>0,05) between fungal contamination and temperature and humidity.
- O ajustamento à doença crónica: aspectos conceptuaisPublication . Pais-Ribeiro, José Luís; Silva, Isabel; Pedro, Luisa; Meneses, Rute; Cardoso, Helena; Mendonça, Denisa; Vilhena, Estela; Abreu, Madalena; Martins, Ana; Martins-da-Silva, AntónioQuando alguém é afectado por uma doença crónica tem que alterar o seu estilo de vida de modo a poder viver o melhor possível com a doença que o vai acompanhar, se não durante toda a vida, pelo menos durante grande parte da vida. Em função das características pessoais e da interacção como o meio envolvente, social e físico, alguns ajustar-se-ão melhor e mais facilmente do que outros. Estas alterações denominam-se Ajustamento ou Adaptação. Embora estes termos sejam sinónimos, por vezes a denominação expressa orientação teórica diferente: a primeira, mais interactiva, para designar o comportamento resultante dessa interacção, momento a momento, com o meio envolvente, a segunda mais estrutural. “Ajustamento” é um termo do senso comum, utilizado na linguagem de todos os dias. O dicionário diz que ajustamento e adaptação são sinónimos e, em contexto de psicologia, saúde e doenças, os dois termos também são utilizados como sinónimos. No entanto, na psicologia, por vezes, estes termos podem expressar conceitos diferentes, consoante a orientação teórica que os utiliza. O interesse pela mudança subjacente ao ajustamento ou à adaptação considera dois aspectos: a estrutura e o processo. A estrutura refere-se a factores estáveis tais como a traços de personalidade ou estrutura cognitiva e, também, a características estáveis do meio ambiente, enquanto o processo refere-se às mudanças que vão ocorrendo em consequência das interacções, momento a momento, com as situações que surgem, explicam Lazarus e Folkman (1985).
- Alterações climáticas e impacto na qualidade da águaPublication . Viegas, CarlaA frase de Johan Rockstrom parece cada vez mais aplicável em Portugal. Para além das situações de seca (um problema de disponibilidade de água que decorre de um défice anormal de precipitação), Portugal é candidato a país de elevado risco para escassez ou ‘stress hídrico’ a médio prazo [segundo projecções do World Resources Institute para 2040], ou seja, de poder vir a ter uma procura que exceda a oferta de água acessível e com a qualidade necessária para a sua utilização. Apesar da situação no país não ser homogénea (a região abaixo do Tejo é a mais vulnerável), nos últimos anos as secas em Portugal tornaram-se mais frequentes, mais prolongadas e mais abrangentes. Devido ao aumento da frequência de fenómenos climáticos extremos, as alterações climáticas têm interferência não só na quantidade, como na qualidade dos recursos hídricos. Embora a água permaneça no seu ciclo, não está disponível na quantidade e qualidade necessárias.
- Alterations of the abdominal wall during pregnancyPublication . Mota, PatríciaPregnancy and becoming a mother is one of the most exciting times in a woman’s life. Besides all the hormonal and physiological changes affecting women during this period, probably the most obvious morphological alteration during pregnancy is the increasing weight and dimensions of the uterus, influencing maternal trunk musculoskeletal morphology, particularly the abdominal musculature. Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA), or increased inter rectus distance (IRD), is characterized by the separation of the rectus abdominis muscles. It has its onset during pregnancy and the first weeks following childbirth. The lack of evidence for the consequences of this condition and the effect of abdominal strengthening exercises in the reduction of DRA indicates a need for identification of the prevalence and risk factors of DRA. This chapter will cover the anatomy and reliability of the methods for the assessment of the morphology of the abdominal wall, describe DRA prevalence, and risk factors, and provide an overview of the response on the IRD induced by two typical strengthening exercises: the drawing in and abdominal crunch exercises.
- An analysis of the validity and reliability of a handheld ultrasound device for measuring rectus femoris muscle sizePublication . Nijholt, Willemke; Bakker, Astrid; Bennett, Alicia C.; Borgen, Morten H.; Ellermann, Anne; Hogg, Peter; Gamboa, Patrícia T.; Thorskog, Martine; Vorster, Liesl; Aandahl, Ingrid J.Background: Previous studies show that ultrasound is valid and reliable when measuring muscle size. A Philips handheld ultrasound device was released in April 2015. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the handheld ultrasound device compared to a conventional ultrasound device, when measuring the size of the rectus femoris (RF). Methods: Two sonographers scanned 39 volunteers (mean age=29.3y, 26 female), once with the Toshiba SSA-660A (regular) ultrasound device and twice with the Philips hand held VISIQ device. The size of the RF (expressed in cross sectional area (CSA) was measured two ways; using the trackball on the Toshiba device and an automatic region of interest on the VISIQ device (method 1), and an ellipse on both devices using the formula π*half width*half length (method 2). Results: Method 1 resulted in an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of .811 with a 95% (confidence interval) CI of .773-.837 (inter-rater reliability) and .907 with a 95% CI of .822-.951 (validity). The ICCs of method 2 were .787 with a 95% CI of .593-.888 (inter-rater reliability) and .867 with a 95 % CI of .746-.930 (validity). Conclusion: VISIQ is a valid and reliable device for measuring RF-CSA. In clinical practice VISIQ could be used for measuring RF-CSA, consequently it could be an economical and easily portable technology for use in both clinical and residential settings.
- An application of structural equation modeling of test dispositional optimism as mediator or moderator in quality of life in patients with chronic diseasePublication . Vilhena, Estela; Pais-Ribeiro, José Luís; Silva, Isabel; Pedro, Luisa; Meneses, Rute; Cardoso, Helena; Silva, António Martins da; Mendonça, DenisaThe aim of the present study was to test a hypothetical model to examine if dispositional optimism exerts a moderating or a mediating effect between personality traits and quality of life, in Portuguese patients with chronic diseases. A sample of 540 patients was recruited from central hospitals in various districts of Portugal. All patients completed self-reported questionnaires assessing socio-demographic and clinical variables, personality, dispositional optimism, and quality of life. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the moderating and mediating effects. Results suggest that dispositional optimism exerts a mediator rather than a moderator role between personality traits and quality of life, suggesting that “the expectation that good things will happen” contributes to a better general well-being and better mental functioning.