Percorrer por autor "Martins, Carla"
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- Biodiversity and health: investing in biodiversity protection towards health gainsPublication . Viegas, Carla; Moniz, Gabriela; Pargana, João; Marques, Susana; Resende, Catarina; Martins, Carla; Arez, Ana Paula; Ceratto, Nadia; Viegas, SusanaBiodiversity is declining faster than at any time in human history and the direct drivers of change in nature with the largest global impact are related to human activities: land and sea use changes; direct exploitation of organisms; climate change; pollution; and invasion of alien species. The One Health approach, and other holistic approaches, integrate human, animal, and plant health, as well as the health of their shared environment, informing and supporting a multidisciplinary and holistic approach that integrates monitoring, planning, and evaluation to optimize co-benefits and outcomes for public health. This chapter intends to provide a systematic overview on how conserving nature and biodiversity can contribute to improving the implementation of the One Health and other holistic approaches, to prevent new pandemics and to promote well-being. A detailed analysis regarding how the targets in the updated zero draft of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework can contribute to improving the implementation of the One Health or other holistic approaches was performed, aiming to support the ambition and commitment needed. Additionally, a list of indicators is proposed to guarantee a suitable monitoring framework and to adequately incorporate the value of biodiversity for health, well-being, and more specifically contributing to the reduction of the risk of new pandemics. This work highlights the importance of preventing biodiversity loss for human health and well-being. The linkages between biodiversity and human health reinforce the need for holistic approaches such as One Health to understand the intricate linkages between the health of plants, animals, humans, and our shared environment.
- Climate change and aflatoxins exposure in Portugal: could be expect a significant health risk?Publication . Assunção, Ricardo; Martins, Carla; Viegas, Susana; Viegas, Carla; Jakobsen, Lea S.; Pires, Sara; Alvito, PaulaIn recent decades, changes in climate have caused impacts on natural and human systems on all continents and across the oceans. Climate change has become one of the most critical issues for the sustainable development of human societies and the functioning of ecosystems on earth. Portugal in highly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to its Europe south-western geographical situation, mainly through decreasing annual precipitation, more intense extreme weather and climate events. In fact, climate change is considered as one of the biggest global threats to human health of the 21st century and its effects will undoubtedly influence agriculture systems and food safety. Due to the potential impact on the occurrence of food hazards, increased concern has being aroused. [...] Considering the impact of climate change in mycotoxin contamination of food products available in Portugal, the present study aims to discuss the potential influence of climate change in the health risk associated to aflatoxins dietary exposed of Portuguese population.
- Climate change and the health impact of aflatoxins exposure in Portugal: an overviewPublication . Assunção, Ricardo; Martins, Carla; Viegas, Susana; Viegas, Carla; Jakobsen, Lea S.; Pires, Sara; Alvito, PaulaClimate change has been indicated as a driver for food safety issues worldwide, mainly due to the impact on the occurrence of food safety hazards at various stages of the food chain. Mycotoxins, natural contaminants produced by fungi, are among the most important of such hazards. Aflatoxins, which have the highest acute and chronic toxicity of all mycotoxins, assume particular importance. A recent study predicted aflatoxin contamination in maize and wheat crops in Europe within the next 100 years and aflatoxin B1 is predicted to become a food safety issue in Europe, especially in the most probable scenario of climate change (+2 °C). This review discusses the potential influence of climate change on the health risk associated with aflatoxins dietary exposure of Portuguese population. We estimated the burden of disease associated with the current aflatoxin exposure for Portuguese population in terms of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). It is expected that in the future the number of DALYs and the associated cases of hepatocellular carcinoma due to aflatoxins exposure will increase due to climate change. The topics highlighted through this review, including the potential impact on the health of the Portuguese population through the dietary exposure to aflatoxins, should represent an alert for the potential consequences of an incompletely explored perspective of climate change. Politics and decision-makers should be involved and committed to implementing effective measures to deal with climate change issues and to reduce its possible consequences. This review constitutes a contribution to the prioritization of strategies to face the unequal burden of effects of weather-related hazards in Portugal and across Europe.
- Do Parlamento para os jornais: reflexos mediáticos dos debates da IVG em 20 anos de democracia portuguesaPublication . Cabrera, Ana; Martins, Carla; Flores, Teresa Mendes; Mata, Maria J.O presente artigo centra-se no estudo de caso dos debates da IVG (Interrupção Voluntária da Gravidez) na Assembleia da República em 1984, 1997 e 1998 e nas representações na imprensa das deputadas parlamentares que protagonizaram a discussão. O texto insere-se no âmbito do Projeto “Política no feminino: políticas de género e estratégias de visibilidade das deputadas parlamentares em Portugal”, que tem como objetivo o estudo da representação das deputadas e das questões de género no Parlamento em diferentes ciclos políticos da democracia portuguesa desde 1975 a 2002. A exposição far-se-á segundo três eixos: 1. A apresentação geral da investigação e a contextualização política do debate durante os diversos ciclos sobre o fim da ilicitude nos casos de IVG; 2. A análise da representatividade das deputadas durante o período em estudo, que corresponde à II, III, VII e VIII Legislaturas; 3. A representação das deputadas parlamentares na imprensa, suportada na análise fotojornalística em que se procurou detetar, a partir de uma perspetiva multimodal, os valores profissionais e não profissionais observáveis nas fotografias das deputadas e dos deputados que intervieram nos debates.
- Environmental determinants of health: NOVA National School of Public Health research to tackle ongoing threats and challengesPublication . Martins, Carla; Alho, Ana Margarida; Muquinapir, Fortunato; Madeira, Francisco; Durão, José; Lima, Lorena Falcão; Corda, Mariana; Dias, Marta; Pena, Pedro; Cervantes, Renata; Viegas, SusanaThe environment in which we live represents a major determinant of our health and well-being. The complex human-animal-ecosystem interface imposes an increasing risk to public health with population health influenced by the interaction of multiple environmental determinants. Recognizing how the environment influences human health and disease allows us to identify the most relevant risk factors and the most suitable measures to mitigate environmental factors that adversely affect human health and ecological systems. Climate change represents a major threat to human health, and it is nowadays undermining every dimension of global health monitored, increasing the fragility of the global systems, and increasing the vulnerability of populations, with a special emphasis on the already most vulnerable. The world is now facing frequent extreme weather events such as heatwaves, floods, droughts, and hurricanes. Rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns also affect the seasonality and geographic range of many infectious diseases, particularly those transmitted by vectors. Predictably, air quality will be negatively impacted, leading to an increase in the burden of noncommunicable diseases. Biological and chemical contaminants in food are also impacted by climate change, modifying their virulence, occurrence, and distribution patterns, which may increase the risk of human exposure to foodborne hazards. Agricultural productivity and clean water availability may decrease, resulting in malnutrition, foodborne illnesses, and waterborne diseases, endangering food security and safety. The transition to more sustainable and healthier diets constitutes a significant challenge for human populations already under the pressure of climate change-associated events but is considered one of the solutions to tackle this global threat.
- Estudos de comunicação e questões de géneroPublication . Subtil, Filipa Mónica de Brito Gonçalves; Martins, Carla; Branco, SofiaÉ interessante notar que faz 20 anos que apresentei pela primeira vez num congresso da Associação Portuguesa de Sociologia, uma comunicação intitulada “Nos lugares de Francisco Pinto Balsemão e Vicente Jorge Silva não há espaço para as mulheres - O jornalismo também escolhe o sexo?”. Em 2000, este texto viria a ser publicado com o título “As mulheres jornalistas”, nas actas do referido Congresso. Nove anos depois, em 2009, é re-publicado com pequenas actualizações com o título “Anotações sobre o processo de feminização da profissão de jornalista na década de 1990”, num livro de referência sobre os jornalistas portugueses - Estudos sobre os jornalistas Portugueses. Metamorfoses e encruzilhadas no limiar do século XXI, organizado por José Luís Garcia. Aquele meu pequeno artigo, vim mais tarde a percebê-lo, é por muitos colegas investigadores nacionais considerado um texto pioneiro neste domínio de estudos na universidade portuguesa. A comunicação era uma pequena e pouco ambiciosa investigação sociográfica que dava conta do processo de feminização das redações em Portugal e do que tal estava a significar em termos de relações de poder no interior dos orgãos de comunicação, dos níveis salariais e da imagem das mulheres nas notícias. Devo o meu interesse por esta temática a dois professores que tive no ISCTE, onde me licenciei em Sociologia, José Manuel Paquete de Oliveira e José Luís Garcia, que nos seus trabalhos pioneiros sobre a sociologia dos jornalistas portugueses, assinalavam, entre outros factores de reconfiguração da profissão de jornalista, a presença crescente das mulheres nas redacções a partir do final da década de 1970. Até à segunda metade da década de 1990, a produção científica nesta área era praticamente inexistente. Em bom rigor, fiz uma breve pesquisa e, para além do meu na área da sociologia, encontrei apenas um outro trabalho de natureza histórica de Ivone Leal, de 1992, Um século de periódicos femininos, editado pela Comissão para a Igualdade e para os Direitos das Mulhres, que desse particular destaque a estas temáticas. Com a entrada no novo milénio, esta situação alterou-se profundamente e, desde então, este campo de estudos tem vindo a consolidar-se na comunidade de investigadores em comunicação e media portuguesa. Quando fazemos o exercício de tentar mapear hoje de forma mais ou menos exaustiva, a investigação neste âmbito, damo-nos conta do número elevado de investigadores que trabalham nesta área, bem como da complexidade de perspectivas que têm vindo a ser desenvolvidas.
- Exposure assessment to mycotoxins in a Portuguese fresh bread dough company by using a multi-biomarker approachPublication . Viegas, Susana; Assunção, Ricardo; Nunes, Carla; Osteresch, Bernd; Twarużek, Magdalena; Kosicki, Robert; Grajewski, Jan; Martins, Carla; Alvito, Paula; Almeida, Ana; Viegas, CarlaMycotoxins are toxic mold metabolites that can persist in environment long after the fungi species responsible for their production disappear. Critical workplace for mycotoxins presence has already been studied and nowadays it is possible to recognize that exposure to mycotoxins through inhalation occurs due to their presence in dust. This study aimed to assess occupational co-exposure to multiple mycotoxins in a fresh bread dough company, an occupational setting not studied until now. Occupational exposure assessment to mycotoxins was done using a LC-MS/MS urinary multi-biomarker approach. Twenty-one workers and nineteen individuals that were used as controls participated in the study. Workers/controls (spot-urine) and environment (settled dust) samples were collected and analyzed. Concerning workers group, DON-GlcA, and OTA were the most prevalent biomarkers (>LOD), 66% and 90.5%, respectively. In the control group, OTA was also one of the most detected (68%) followed by CIT (58%) and DON-GlcA (58%). DON was the mycotoxin measured in high amounts in the settled dust sample (58.2 ng/g). Both workers and controls are exposed to several mycotoxins simultaneously. The workers group, due to their high contact with flour dust, revealed a higher exposure to DON. Considering these results, risk management measures must be applied including specific and adequate health surveillance programs in order to avoid exposure and consequently the associated health consequences.
- Exposure to metals in the e-waste management industryPublication . Martins, Carla; Ribeiro, Edna; Oliveira, Ketlyn; Viegas, SusanaObjective: The burden of disease associated with occupational exposure is ~6%. The recent EU circular economy policy, where the recycling of e-waste is included, is expected to increase the waste management/recycling sector. The e-waste stream contains a broad range of chemicals namely metals. Human biomonitoring by measurement of specific biomarkers in body fluids is considered an effective method of exposure surveillance. The present study, framed in the HBM4EU project, aimed to assess the exposure to metals of the e-waste management workers in Portugal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed in two e-waste management companies in Portugal. Thirty workers, aged 31-62 years, collected spot urine samples at the beginning and in the end of the workweek, pre-shift, and end-shift, respectively. A control group of 12 participants, aged 38-56 years, with administrative tasks outside the companies was included. Urine samples were analyzed for the determination of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). Results are expressed as µg metal/g creatinine. Results: Results revealed that, except for Cr, all analyzed samples presented levels of Cd, Pb, and Hg above the limit of quantification. Median levels in the end-shift samples were 0.21, 0.43, and 12.70 µg/g crea for Cd, Hg and Pb, respectively. Significant differences between the exposed group and the control group were found only for urinary Pb levels (p< 0.05). Conclusions: This study increased the knowledge and understanding of how work practices translate into exposure. These data contribute to the implementation of risk management measures intending to decrease the burden associated with exposure to chemicals in this occupational setting.
- Greening the plate: mycotoxin risks in sustainable food systems transitionPublication . Assunção, Ricardo; Viegas, Susana; Viegas, Carla; Martins, CarlaThe world population has changed dramatically over the last few centuries: an increasing number of people living on our planet; the world population today is around 2,000 times the size of what it was 12,000 ago when it was around 4 million — less than half of the current population of London. Pressure food systems exert on the environment has amplified over time: growth of the human population; changes in food consumption patterns; and intensification of production systems.
- HBM4EU chromates study: determinants of exposure to hexavalent chromium in plating, welding and other occupational settingsPublication . Viegas, Susana; Martins, Carla; Bocca, Beatrice; Bousoumah, Radia; Duca, Radu Corneliu; Galea, Karen S.; Godderis, Lode; Iavicoli, Ivo; Janasik, Beata; Jones, Kate; Leese, Elizabeth; Leso, Veruscka; Ndaw, Sophie; van Nieuwenhuyse, An; Poels, Katrien; Porras, Simo P.; Ruggieri, Flavia; Silva, Maria João; Verdonck, Jelle; Wasowicz, Wojciech; Scheepers, Paul T. J.; Santonen, Tiina; Ladeira, Carina; Ribeiro, EdnaWork-related exposures in industrial processing of chromate (chrome plating, surface treatment, and welding) raise concerns regarding the health risk of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). In this study, performed under the HBM4EU project, we focused on better understanding the determinants of exposure and recognising how risk management measures (RMMs) contribute to a reduction in exposure. HBM and occupational hygiene data were collected from 399 workers and 203 controls recruited in nine European countries. Urinary total chromium (U-Cr), personal inhalable and respirable dust of Cr and Cr(VI), and Cr from hand wipes were collected. Data on the RMMs were collected by questionnaires. We studied the association between different exposure parameters and the use of RMMs. The relationship between exposure by inhalation and U-Cr in different worker groups was analysed using regression analysis and found a strong association. Automatisation of Cr electroplating dipping explained lower exposure levels in platers. The use of personal protective equipment resulted in lower U-Cr levels in welding, bath plating, and painting. An effect of wearing gloves was observed in machining. An effect of local exhaust ventilation and training was observed in welding. Regression analyses showed that in platers, exposure to an air level of 5 µg/m3 corresponds to a U-Cr level of 7 µg/g of creatinine. In welders, the same inhalation exposure resulted in lower U-Cr levels reflecting toxicokinetic differences of different chromium species.
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