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Browsing ISCAL - Livros by Author "Albuquerque, Fábio"
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- Assessing the comparability and the understandability of the information on cash flows by European-listed entitiesPublication . Velez, Ana Rita; Albuquerque, Fábio; Pinto, VeraThis chapter aims to assess the comparability and understandability of information on cash flows through the choices by entities in the presentation of the statement of cash flows (SCF) and the disclosure of non-generally accepted accounting principles measures (NGM) related to cash flow information, respectively. Data were obtained from 484 consolidated annual reports, between 2018 and 2021, from 121 entities listed on Euronext. The findings indicated that interest paid and received (dividends paid) were generally classified in the operating (financing) category, contrary to (aligned with) the proposed in the exposure draft (ED) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The findings also showed that entities often disclose NGM related to cash flows and present their formula and the possibility of reconciliation with the SCF. This research contributes to the discussion around the comparability, and understandability of information in the context of the current IASB's ED, which aims to standardise the presentation and the disclosure requirements on cash flows.
- Conservatism, secrecy, and the SMEs' financing optionsPublication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínThis chapter aims to examine the financing options of the managers/owners of SMEs (small and medium-sized companies) from a point of view that incorporates cultural values, namely, conservatism and secrecy. Data were collected with the use of a questionnaire conducted for managers/owners of a sample of 1,629 Portuguese SMEs, and with the use of accounting and financial information from the period 2009-2011. 438 managers/owners provided valid answers, corresponding to a response rate of 27%. Using multivariate regression techniques as a basis, the results showed that a significant number of managers/owners supported the negative relationship between conservatism/secrecy and the business financing options associated with a higher risk (debts with costs). The results also showed that a more significant number of managers/owners of national SMEs choose sources of financing in light of the pecking order theory.
- Impression management in accountingPublication . Albuquerque, Fábio; Stoltzemburg, Vinícius; Cariano, AntónioSeveral ways or tactics can be used by entities to manage disclosed information, undermining its transparency and mitigating its credibility. Even though accounting literature has covered a wide range of IM strategies and investigation lines since the seminal research from the last decade of the 20th century, this chapter demonstrates that IM remains relevant since it can be assessed and adapted from the perspective of trending accounting topics. A textual analysis tool is complementary used to assess papers gathered from the Scopus database by 27th August 2022. Based on the findings, seminal papers were mainly concerned with analyzing the graphs and messages reported to manipulate or obfuscate the information provided to stakeholders. Papers were initially focused on mandatory (financial) information but soon expanded to include voluntary (non-financial) information, as well as enriching the sources, contents, and types of analysis. Future research may focus on stakeholders' perspectives and include small and medium entities, not-for-profit organizations, and the public sector.
- Inconsistencies in the disclosures of discount rates: the case of financial reporting in PortugalPublication . Assunção, Miguel; Albuquerque, FábioThe use of the discount rate within financial reporting deserves particular attention from international standard-setting bodies because it has achieved prominence over time. This chapter uses archival research as a method and content analysis as a technique to assess mandatory and voluntary disclosure levels related to discount rates. The consolidated accounts for the year 2020 of listed entities in Euronext Lisbon are the sources of information. The results show differences in mandatory and disclosure levels regarding IAS/IFRS under analysis. Disclosures related to discount rates have been assessed either as an incidental topic or from a limited-scope analysis. Therefore, understanding the proper set of items to be disclosed and the factors that explain its disclosure, aligned with the efforts to ensure its compliance by legal authorities, may reduce asymmetries and enhance transparency in entities' financial reporting.
- Is the Financial Reporting of Listed Entities in the European Markets Influenced by Conservatism?Publication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, Joaquín; Rodrigues, Nuno SimõesThe influence of the accounting value of conservatism, proposed by Gray (1988) as part of the cultural relevance theory, has been widely debated in the literature. The possession of derivative financial instruments (DFI) was used as proxy to define it. This study aims to assess the existence of the explanatory variables of this accounting value, such as regional groups, firm level controls and qualitative characteristics. Content analysis was used in 2013 and 2014 annual reports and consolidated accounts disclosed by non-financial entities listed on five stock market indexes of the European Union (EU), namely: PSI-20, IBEX-35, FTSE-100, DAX-30, and OMX-S30. After the application of the selection criteria, the population of this study encompasses 137 entities. The findings indicate that conservatism differs significantly according to the regional groups, as suggested by the literature. Additionally, firm level controls such as size and profitability, as well as the fundamental qualitative characteristics, can explain conservatism. One of the main contributions of this research is to consider the impact of culture on the financial reporting, even bearing in mind the latest convergence efforts among the main accounting standard setting bodies at international level.
- Recent trends in accounting research: a literature reviewPublication . Albuquerque, Fábio; Gomes dos Santos, PaulaAccounting has been evolving to follow the latest developments in economic, political, social, and technological matters. Therefore, there is a need for researchers to also include in their research agenda the emerging topics in the accounting area. This chapter uses archival research as a method and content analysis as a technique to review the literature in accounting research. A top journal in accounting (The Journal of Accounting Research) is used as the source of information from 2000 to 2022, aiming to cover more generalist research topics in this area. The findings indicate that this journal is accessible to the newest discussions and topics. Notwithstanding, their emergence as a research matter seems to be slower or less evident than their apparent development in the accounting environment. Despite being limited to a single journal, the proposed analysis in this chapter may contribute to professionals, academia, and the scientific community overall, enabling the identification of the state of the art in the accounting research area.
- Tax Disclosures in Financial and CSR Reporting as a Deterrence for EvasionPublication . Albuquerque, Fábio; Neves, Julija CassianoThis chapter is about the mandatory disclosure of income tax as required by international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and standards issued by Portuguese regulatory bodies. The chapter also elaborates the most relevant disclosures from the perspective of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Furthermore, it highlights the most influential CSR reporting standards to answer the question that whether these standards adequately address the issue of income tax payment as a factor of CSR. Finally, it also reviews the international and Portuguese theoretical and empirical academic research available about income taxes and related subjects, such as disclosures, corporate tax as a CSR matter, and tax aggressiveness of corporations. Future research may be conducted geographical reporting of income tax expense and its relationship with the effective tax rate (ETR) and other independent variables.
- Three essays on the culture and professional judgment in AccountingPublication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínThree essays on the culture and the professional judgment is a book composed by three different papers, which were written by several authors who can be also considered this book’s authors. Despite their previous publication in different journals, we have decided to gather them in this project in order to present different perspectives of this theme in a single document. The first one presents one example of the Gray’s (1988) model application using the data extracted from the comment letters received by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in the scope of a review process of the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The second makes use of a survey and intends to demonstrate how the financial statements can be differently presented according to the professional judgement. Finally, the main aspect to be highlighted regarding the third paper is the focus on the decision in terms of the financing options from the perspective of the owners of the Small and Medium-sized (SMEs) entities. Data from annual account reports and a survey were jointly used within this empirical research. The criterion for the selection made for this book were based on the differences in terms of the underlying issues as well as the different methodological approaches.