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- Marketing social através de campanhas de comunicação: o caso da Associação Portuguesa de Apoio à Vitima (APAV)Publication . Machado, Ana Teresa; Antunes, Ana Cristina; Miranda, SandraA responsabilidade social tem vindo a crescer de importância na formulação estratégica das empresas ao nível organizacional, individual e comunicacional, sendo para muitas delas um elemento diferenciador e de proximidade ao cliente cada vez mais sensível ao bem-estar individual e coletivo (Carrol & Shabanna, 2010). Mas o bem-estar social não é apanágio apenas das empresas mas também das Organizações Não Lucrativas (ONG) que o integram na sua actividade como um objetivo em si mesmo. Para muitas destas é a causa social a razão da sua existência. Este estudo incide sobre uma destas organizações - a APAV - que tem como missão a prevenção, o combate e a protecção das vítimas. O objecto deste estudo é uma das mais recentes campanhas publicitárias da APAV que tem como principal objectivo alertar e modificar os comportamentos dos vários agentes (vitimas, testemunhas, sociedade no geral) para o drama social da violência doméstica. Para o efeito optou-se pela investigação quantitativa com base em inquéritos por questionário administrados a uma amostra de 134 participantes. Procurou-se avaliar o efeito das emoções desencadeadas ao assistir à campanha pré seleccionada da APAV na intenção de comportamento face à violência doméstica considerando o papel mediador de atitudes e normas subjetivas. Os resultados obtidos com base no modelo de equações estruturais (MEE) indicam que a atitude relativamente à publicidade tem um efeito positivo sobre as atitudes em relação à violência doméstica que influenciam por sua vez, a intenção comportamental face a esta. As principais contribuições sociais e académicas desta pesquisa são discutidas.
- Navegar por redes nunca antes navegadas: motivações e engagement dos seniores ibéricosPublication . Miranda, Sandra; Antunes, Ana Cristina; Gama, Ana; Di Fátima, Branco; Machado, Ana TeresaA sociedade ocidental contemporânea é caracterizada pelo envelhecimento demográfico, pelo empoderamento do consumidor sénior (65+) e pela popularização das tecnologias digitais, sobretudo da internet e dos media sociais. Porém, o conhecimento científico sobre a relação dos seniores com as plataformas digitais ainda apresenta numerosas lacunas, principalmente na Península Ibérica - uma das regiões mais envelhecidas do planeta. Este artigo problematiza essa relação, em Portugal e Espanha, escrutinando os motivos de adesão e permanência dos mais velhos nos media sociais, aferindo quais as páginas das marcas (na rede social Facebook) que os seniores mais visitam e interagem e, descortinando o papel das fanpages das marcas no processo de tomada de decisão de consumo. A investigação, de cariz exploratório, seguiu uma metodologia mista. Os dados qualitativos foram obtidos a partir de cinco Focus Group (FG) realizados nos dois países em estudo. Já os dados quantitativos foram extraídos do Facebook Audience Insights, a partir de uma amostra oficialmente representativa dos seniores na região. Os resultados mostram evidentes sinais de “fractura digital” com os seniores a configurarem apenas 17,8% (10% PT e 7,8% ES) dos perfis activos na Península Ibérica, destacando se uma maior presença das mulheres. Os portugueses tendem a gostar, comentar e partilhar conteúdos com mais frequência do que os espanhóis. No que se prende com os motivos de adesão e permanência na rede social, verifica-se unanimidade ibérica na indicação do incentivo dos familiares próximos, tal como na constatação de que se trata de um espaço potenciador do reforço e multiplicação dos laços sociais. A procura e o envolvimento com as páginas de marcas comerciais serve, sobretudo, como ferramenta de apoio e redução da incerteza no processo de tomada de decisão de compra on e offline.
- Social marketing through communication campaigns: the APAV casePublication . Machado, Ana Teresa; Antunes, Ana Cristina; Miranda, SandraSocial responsability is gaining its momentum in the formulation of the strategy of the organizations, at the organizational, behavioral and communicational level, and for many organizations it is even considered a key differentiator and a proximity element to customers, whom are increasingly sensitive to individual and collective well-being (Carrol & Shabanna, 2010). Yet, welfare is not the prerogative only of companies, but also of non-profit organizations, which include it on their activity as a goal in itself. And for many of these, social causes are the main reason for their existence. This research focuses on one of these non-profit organizations - APAV - whose mission is the prevention, the combat and the protection of victims of domestic violence. Our object of study is one its recent mass media campaigns, that aim to alert and modify the behavior of the various actors involved in the process (victims, witnesses, society in general). A quantitative research has been conducted, operated by the application of questionnaire surveys to a sample of 134 subjects that seeks to assess to extent to which the emotions elicited by watching an APAV campaign influence behavior towards domestic violence, considering the mediating role of attitudes and subjective norms. The results measured by means of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), show the validation of only two working hypotheses under study, indicating that the attitude towards advertising has a positive effect on attitudes towards domestic violence influencing in turn, behavioral intention of subjects. The main social and academic contributions of this research are discussed.
- Age 2.0: Motivations and Brand EngagementPublication . Miranda, Sandra; Machado, Ana Teresa; Antunes, Ana Cristina; Gama, AnaThe demographic winter that is widespread throughout Europe, along with the spread of network society, has brought to contemporary societies a striking new world of opportunity and challenge. The growing adherence of the senior population to Information and Communication Technologies, with a focus on digital social networks, is perceived as a positive sign of inclusion and digital literacy. In this context and given the potential of this segment as a marketing target, brands need to understand the interests, motivations, and profiles of these users to achieve greater interaction and proximity with this audience. Taking into account two countries, Portugal and Spain, the aim of this research is 1) to discuss the role of social networks in promoting active aging; 2) to understand the level of importance and how this senior segment interacts with the brands on social networks and 3) to compare the results among the two sociocultural realities. Methodologically, an exploratory qualitative investigation was carried out based on the realization of a Focus Group in which users of social networks residing in Spain and Portugal participated. Results point out that more than seeking and get information about brands, seniors navigate the social networks in search of affiliation, support, and socialization not only broadening their network of contacts in the virtual world but mainly by networking with their "acquaintances" to retrieve memories and strengthen bonds of friendship. As little research has been undertaken so far into the ways that older consumers are adopting or rejecting new digital technologies, this study contributes to the academic literature regarding this subject. Furthermore, for marketers, it is important to tailor their strategies and to convey appropriate messages as there is evidence that seniors have still to be pushed to join and use pages of brands on Facebook as a platform to interact with brands.
- Clinical nutrition in our hand: examining clinical dietitians perception, motives of use, and engagement with nutrition appsPublication . Miranda, Sandra; Antunes, Ana Cristina; Machado, Ana Teresa; Mendes, Lino; Cebola, MarisaNutrition mobile applications (apps) are becoming increasingly popular for a wide range of users. Their accessibility and availability has turned them into a source of information with a potentially relevant role in nutritional choices and decisions (Kao & Liebowitz, 2017). Despite a growing number of studies on attitudes, perceptions and behaviors related to nutrition apps, the literature is still scarce and provides an atomist and fragmented view on these subjects (Lieffers et al., 2018).
- Looking beneath the surface: how brands led to consumer engagement in social mediaPublication . Miranda, Sandra; Machado, Ana Teresa; Antunes, Ana CristinaIt is undeniable that the strong growth of social media and content generated in them is presented as a rising tide that came to stay! We are facing a change of structural nature, requiring brands to understand that shift and to adapt their strategies as they start looking at consumers as active partners, developing with them a close relationship, collaborative, deeply relational, reinforcing and strengthening the bond and an emotional connection. This fact led to an explosion of interest in consumer engagement. The opportunities presented by social media to help build close relationships with consumers seem to have attracted the increasing interest of practitioners in a wide variety of industries worldwide. Academic scholarship consumer engagement, however, has lagged practice and its theoretical foundation is relatively underdeveloped and a better understanding of the concept and their drivers is essential to develop accurate strategies. This paper seeks to address some of these issues. From the universe of brands, two popular fashion brands (Cubanas and Paez) were selected, based on RankUPT [1], a statistics website aimed at the analysis of Facebook’s activity in Portugal that makes a daily measurement of homepages, based on the number of fans. A qualitative netnographic study was conducted, through a non-interventionist observational technique, added with a collection of qualitative behavioral data which took place between March and December 2015, and also considering the use of secondary data for the descriptive analysis of the brands in question. Metrics used for measuring engagement were the most commonly used in other studies (e.g., likes, sharing, commenting), along with the de Vries, Gensler and Leeflang [2], Cvijiki and Michaheles [3], and Malhotra, Malhotra and See [4], criteria for the drivers of engagement. The results are discussed and the academic and business implications of the study are examined, in particular for branding and relationship marketing.
- Age 2.0: motivations and brand engagementPublication . Miranda, Sandra; Machado, Ana Teresa; Antunes, Ana Cristina; Gama, AnaThe demographic winter that is widespread throughout Europe, along with the spread of network society, has brought to contemporary societies a striking new world of opportunity and challenge. The increasing adhesion of seniors to the Information and Communication Technologies and, in particular, to digital social networks while being seen as a positive sign of inclusion and digital literacy, has led brands to embark on an accurate process of understanding the interests, motivations and profile of these users, as well as developing communication and interaction strategies according to their specificities. Drawn upon on a qualitative study through Focus Groups made up of senior Internet users and social networks and conducted in Portugal and Spain, the aim of this research is, on the one hand, to discuss the role of social networks in promoting active aging and their implications on relevant dimensions of the elderly's life, and on the other hand, to understand the level of importance and how this senior segment relates and interacts with the brands that populate social networks. Results point out that more than seeking and get information about brands, seniors navigate the social networks in search of affiliation, support and socialization not only broadening their network of contacts in the virtual world, but mainly by networking with their "acquaintances" with the goal of retrieving memories and strengthening bonds of friendship.
- Examining brand post characteristics that drive Facebook consumer engagementPublication . Antunes, Ana Cristina; Miranda, Sandra; Machado, Ana TeresaThe development and increased use of social media by the consumers has brought new challenges for brands and marketeers. Relying on the relational paradigm and being aware of social media enormous potential to reach, to foster relationships and engage and to create bonds between brand and consumer, marketeers are increasingly using and considering them in their marketing strategy. In this context, social networking sites and, in particular, Facebook, are achieving an increasing relevance for marketeers to communicate and engage their target. Building on the Uses & Gratifications (U&G) theory and online consumer engagement research, our study analyzes the influence of marketing strategies related to Facebook post characteristics, such as post media and content type on fans response in terms of liking, sharing, and commenting brand posts, considered as online consumer engagement activities. For this purpose, the authors have collected and coded approximately 2800 posts sourced from the Facebook brand pages of four top selling fashion brands (Cubanas, Paez, Havaianas and Fly London), considering the period between 1st March 2015 until 31th December 2017. This research identifies differences across different consumer engagement activities. As such, informational, interactive and remunerational posts seem to have a positive effect on the several online consumer engagement activities examined, while vividness and entertainment yield mixed results. These findings and their implications are discussed in the context of branding and relationship marketing.
- Examining brand post characteristics that drive Facebook consumer engagementPublication . Antunes, Ana Cristina; Miranda, Sandra; Machado, Ana TeresaThe development and increased use of social media by the consumers has brought new challenges for brands and marketeers. Relying on the relational paradigm and being aware of social media enormous potential to reach, to foster relationships and engage and to create bonds between brand and consumer, marketeers are increasingly using and considering them in their marketing strategy. In this context, social networking sites and, in particular, Facebook, are achieving an increasing relevance for marketeers to communicate and engage their target. Building on the Uses & Gratifications (U&G) theory and online consumer engagement research, our study analyzes the influence of marketing strategies related to Facebook post characteristics, such as post media and content type on fans response in terms of liking, sharing, and commenting brand posts, considered as online consumer engagement activities. For this purpose, the authors have collected and coded approximately 2800 posts sourced from the Facebook brand pages of four top selling fashion brands (Cubanas, Paez, Havaianas and Fly London), considering the period between 1st March 2015 until 31th December 2017. This research identifies differences across different consumer engagement activities. As such, informational, interactive and remunerational posts seem to have a positive effect on the several online consumer engagement activities examined, while vividness and entertainment yield mixed results. These findings and their implications are discussed in the context of branding and relationship marketing.
- Consumer engagement: The amplifying effect of commentsPublication . Machado, Ana Teresa; Antunes, Ana Cristina; Miranda, SandraFacebook brand pages have become a major channel through which consumers are able to interact with brands in a direct way by liking, sharing and/or commenting on brands’ posts and messages. In fact, these liking, sharing and commenting functions of Facebook enable anyone to respond to a brand post easily. Thus, one brand post can receive thousands of comments from Facebook users interacting with the brand and other commenters, providing a platform for dialogue on social media from which it is easy to solicit information, gain feedback and better understand the consumer. Customers can increasingly integrate and act as co-creators and multipliers of brand messages and are now empowered to get in contact with each other, as well as engage and participate actively in brand communication on Facebook brand pages. These activities strengthen the bonds that consumers have with companies by turning them into engaged fans. It is vital for brands to understand this engagement to successfully develop their social media strategies, and thus achieve their desired outcomes. It is our purpose to address some of these issues. Brand fans can comment either positively, neutral, or negatively on brand posts and we postulate that the valence of comments have an impact on the Consumer Engagement with Facebook brand pages. For the purpose of our study we selected the Facebook pages of Cubanas, Paez, Havaianas and Fly London, four fashion brand shoes with high levels of awareness that ranked on the top position RankUPT, a statistics website aimed at the analysis and measurement of Facebook’s Pages in Portugal. Postings and respective data were collect automatically from the 1st of March 2015 until the 31st of December 2017. Results indicate that positive comments are predictors of sharing and commenting activities on Facebook brand pages while negative comments did not prove to be a statically valid antecedent of those variables. The academic and business implications of the study are examined, in particular for branding and relationship marketing.