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- The association between Mediterranean diet: related health literacy, cooking skills and Mediterranean diet adherence in the Spanish populationPublication . Casucci, Maria Giulia; Muñoz-Martínez, Júlia; Caneda-Ferrón, Begoña; Salinas-Roca, Blanca; Orta-Ramirez, Alicia; Vidal, Eulàlia; Rodríguez-Monforte, Míriam; Costa, Inês M.; Costa, Vânia; Renzi, Sofia; Carrillo-Álvarez, ElenaBackground/Objectives: Even with solid proof of its benefits for cardiovascular health and metabolism, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) in Spain has noticeably declined in recent years. The socioeconomic changes occurring in recent decades have prompted shifts in cooking habits and in how food is socially experienced, particularly among children and adolescents. The MD is more than just food: it is a cultural tradition and a lifestyle, rich in food and cooking skills, and food wisdom passed down over generations. When these practices fade, it affects both health and the environment, making them vital components in strengthening support for food knowledge, cooking abilities, and a healthier lifestyle. Considering these shifting dietary patterns and the growing need for targeted educational strategies, the present study aimed to investigate the association between cooking skills, MD-related health literacy, and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet across different developmental stages: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood in a sample of the Spanish population. Additionally, a secondary objective was to identify potential critical windows for intervention based on the strength of these associations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 832 Spanish participants grouped by age: children and early adolescents (n = 408), older adolescents (n = 136), and adults (n = 288). Cooking skills were assessed using CooC11 for children and FCSk for older groups. Adults also completed Lit_MEDiet to assess MD-related health literacy. Adherence was measured with KIDMED (children/adolescents) and MEDAS (adults). Spearman correlations and standardized linear regressions were used. All statistical tests were two-sided, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: In children, no significant association was found between cooking skills (CooC11) and KIDMED scores (β = 0.008; p = 0.875). Among adolescents, a strong positive association emerged between FCSk and KIDMED (β = 0.313; p < 0.001; ρ = 0.371), indicating a large, standardized effect and suggesting that this stage is particularly sensitive to food skills. In adults (18+), both food and cooking skills (FCSk) (β = 0.189; p = 0.001) and MD-related health literacy (Lit_MEDiet) (β = 0.187; p = 0.004) were moderately associated with MEDAS scores. Conclusions: These findings suggest that mid-adolescence could represent a favourable developmental window where food skills may hold potential to influence positive dietary behaviours. Regarding adults, the results indicate that combining practical and educational components appears to beneficial for dietary quality. Overall, this study supports the relevance of age-tailored public health strategies to potentially enhance long-term adherence to the Mediterranean Diet.
- Assessment of food and cooking skills: validation of a Portuguese version of a tool and characterisation of food and cooking skills in young adultsPublication . Costa, Vânia; Borrego, Rute; Mateus, Cátia; Carolino, Elisabete; Viegas, CláudiaABSTRACT - Introduction: Food and cooking skills (FCSks) is defined as a complex, interrelated, and person-centered set of skills, necessary to provide and prepare safe, nutritious, and culturally acceptable meals for all members of the household. Recent studies have associated higher FCSk with healthier eating habits and better health. This study aimed to validate a Portuguese version of a tool to assess and describe FCSk in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study used an online anonymous questionnaire that was disseminated to students from three Portuguese Higher Education Institutes. The questionnaire validation included Cronbach alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Mann-Whitney test was used for evaluating sample differences and Pearson correlation for association among variables. Results: Internal consistency reliability was 0.89 for cooking skills (CSks) and 0.87 for food skills (FSks). A moderate positive correlation was found between CSks and FSks confidence (r = 0.658, p < 0.01). CFA presented a good adjustment model for most of the fit indices, indicating the adequacy of the questionnaire. The CSks score was 74.1 ± 21.2 (moderate) and the food Skills was 94.2 ± 20.8 (high). Cook pulses, steaming food, and planning meals ahead scored the lowest value while boiling or simmering food, chopping, peeling vegetables, and reading the best-before date scored the highest value. No difference was found among sex (pCSk = 0.576; pFSk = 0.158), age (pCSk = 0.566; pFSk = 0.130), body mass index classes (pCSk = 0.903; pFSk = 0.320), or course (pCSk = 0.169; pFSk = 0.126). The greatest interest in gastronomy and frequency of meal preparation is associated with higher FCSk (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This research validated a Portuguese version of a tool to assess FCSk among young adults. Internal consistency reliability was adequate. Confirmatory factor analysis returned good psychometric properties for the questionnaire. Authors identified lower FCSk competencies in cooking pulses and vegetables, which are healthy and sustainable foods. This may compromise the adoption of healthy eating behaviors, so promoting FCSk in young adults may pose a strategy for nutrition and public health in reducing diet-related diseases. This tool may be used to identify opportunities for intervention in public health nutrition.
- Effect of motor competence and health-related fitness in the prevention of metabolic syndrome risk factorsPublication . Pombo, André; Cordovil, Rita; Rodrigues, Luis Paulo; Moreira, Ana Catarina; Borrego, Rute; Machado, Margarida; Costa, Vânia; Almeida, Ana; Tavares, Ana Sofia; Sá, Cristina Cardoso de; Luz, CarlosPurpose: In the last decades we have seen an increase in sedentary behaviors and a decrease in physical activity in children when compared to past generations. This lifestyle is commonly associated with the development of clustering risk factors that define metabolic syndrome (MetS). Knowing that motor competence (MC) development can influence lifelong physical activity habits, it is reasonable to assume that children's MC will directly link to clustered cardiometabolic health outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of MC in MetS risk factors. Methods: Seventy children with a mean age of 7.49 (SD = 1.28) years were evaluated on motor competence (MCA-Motor Competence Assessment instrument), cardiovascular fitness (PACER test), upper body strength (UBS; handgrip), and the components of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, low concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting blood glucose. The composite value of MetS was calculated according to Burns et al. (2017). Multiple standard regressions were performed to explore the effect of different variables on MetS. Motor competence and health-related fitness (cardiovascular fitness and relative upper body strength) were used as independent variables (predictors) and MetS as dependent variables. Results: Overall, the results showed that motor competence (β = -.072; p < .05) is a significant predictor and this model explained 7,1% of the variance in MetS. Conclusion: Although more studies are needed, our results indicate that MC seems to have a positive role in children's health markers.
- Health 'is not rocket science': the general, nutritional, and oral health literacy of Portuguese adolescentsPublication . Almeida, Cristina Vaz de; Costa, Vânia; Montaño Rodríguez, Sandra Lucia; Rodrigues, Patrícia; Rodrigues, Manuela; Ribeiro Reis, Bruno Ribeiro; Belim, CéliaHealth literacy is a European public health challenge that should be taken seriously by policymakers, and the health literacy agenda in Europe needs to be accelerated. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers health literacy to be the level of knowledge, social skills, confidence, motivation, and competence to access, understand, and appraise health information. It comprises a set of strategies to improve health and well-being across the lifespan, from individual health literacy to organizational and public health literacy. Health literacy development begins in childhood and adolescence, where it should be supported in an integrated, inclusive, and multidisciplinary approach, promoting and developing competencies and, therefore, knowledge, skills, and attributes. Health literacy encompasses different areas of health, such as oral health and nutrition. In Europe, eight countries participated in the European health literacy questionnaire (HLS-EU 12) in 2014: Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. Among the results obtained with random samples in the European population, at least one in ten (12%) registered insufficient health literacy, and nearly one in two (47%) had limited (insufficient or problematic) health literacy. The distribution of levels differed substantially across countries (29–62%). The HLS-EU contains several questions specifically about food and nutrition, but only in the HLS-PT, translated by Saboga-Nunes et al. and applied in Portugal, where a concern about oral health, including nutrition, is evident.
- Frailty and nutritional status in institutionalized elderly patients with neurodegenerative disordersPublication . Miranda, Diana; Costa, Vânia; Cardoso, Rita; Gonçalves, Nilza; Castro-Caldas, Ana; Ferreira, Joaquim J.Introduction: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome defined as a state of increased vulnerability to negative health outcomes that is considered the most powerful predictor of disability, dependence, institutionalization, and death, and so considered a major health burden. Malnutrition has been described to be independently associated with frailty. Objectives: The primary objective was to describe the frequency of frailty in institutionalized patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Secondary objectives were to describe the frequency of undernutrition and to evaluate the correlation between frailty and nutritional status. Methods: A cross-sectional observational pilot study was performed. All patients aged 65 years and older with at least one neurodegenerative disorder admitted in CNS- Campus Neurológico were included. A nutritional assessment, through the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), anthropometric measurements and the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Questionnaire (EdFED-Q), and a frailty assessment, through the Marigliano-Cacciafesta Polypathological Scale (MCPS) and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), were conducted. Results: 76 participants were included with a mean age of 76±6.8 years. Parkinsonian syndromes represented 82.9% of the sample. The frequency of frailty was 71.1%. Patients with atypical parkinsonism were significantly frailer than patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) (85.7 and 60%, respectively). 69.3% of the patients with dementia were frail. The frequency of undernutrition (and risk of) was 73.7%. Although not statistically significant, undernutrition was more frequent in dementia syndromes, followed by atypical parkinsonism and PD (30.8, 21.2, and 10%, respectively). Significant correlations were found between all the nutritional assessment parameters and the MCPS, being the strongest with the MNA and the EdFED-Q. Conclusions: The prevalence of frailty in institutionalized patients with neurodegenerative disorders is high, along with the prevalence of undernutrition. Frailty and nutritional status parameters share significant correlations.
- Queres ser chef da tua alimentação? Manual PASS-IPLPublication . Neto, Beatriz; Raposo, Ana Luísa; Viegas, Cláudia; Borrego, Rute; Costa, VâniaO PASS-IPL é o Programa de Alimentação Saudável e Sustentável do Politécnico de Lisboa e resulta de uma parceria entre o Politécnico de Lisboa (IPL), os Serviços de Ação Social do SAS, a Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (ESTeSL) e FAIPL – Federação Académica IPL. A missão do PASS-IPL é promover iniciativas que proporcionem e incentivem a alimentação saudável e sustentável, nomeadamente no âmbito da dieta mediterrânica, da disponibilidade e acessibilidade alimentar nas cantinas, bares e máquinas de vending, da literacia alimentar e nutricional e do desperdício alimentar.
- Food portion adequacy and its carbon footprint: case study from a traditional Portuguese restaurantPublication . Costa, Vânia; Bexiga, EuniceThe study of the relationship between excessive food portions, and nutritional and environmental impact can demonstrate to consumers the need to rethink food choices. The aim of this study was to analyze the restaurant menus' composition in terms of portions, nutritional adequacy, and carbon footprint (CFP). In general, the restaurant menus exceeded energy, protein, lipid, and salt requirements. The menu with the most CFP was the one with 3 types of meat and chorizo and the menu with the low CFP was the menu consisting of a vegetable starter and a main course with adequate portions.
- Food skills among the academic community of a Lisbon institute and their relation with Mediterranean diet adherencePublication . Mateus, Cátia; Carvalho, Patrícia; Borrego, Rute; Gouveia, Raquel; Costa, Vânia; Viegas, CláudiaHealthier eating habits are associated with a higher level of food and cooking skills (FCSk). The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is one of the healthiest diets in the world and it is defined by the high intake of plant-based foods and the habits it promotes. Among these, are cooking skills (CSk), a component of FCSk. Only 26% of the Portuguese (PT) population have a high MD adherence (MDA). This study aims to evaluate the level of FCSk among the academic community and to determine the existence of a correlation between FCSk level and MD adherence.