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- Potential benefits of social media in educating healthcare professionals and students on medical imaging with ionizing radiation: a scoping reviewPublication . Vieira, Lina Oliveira; Kang, C.; Martins, M.; Grilo, AnaIntroduction: Advancements in medical imaging with ionizing radiation have significantly transformed the field and enhanced the education and training of medical professionals. A notable development in this educational landscape is the use of social media, which engages millions of users worldwide. This scoping review aims to explore the potential of social media as an educational tool for healthcare professionals and students in medical imaging with ionizing radiation, highlighting its benefits and disadvantages. Methods: In March 2024, research was conducted on three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The research equation combined the terms "Social Media," "Education," and "Medical Imaging." Data extraction was based on PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews. Results: Seventeen articles published between 2017 and 2023 were included in this review, all of which were descriptive cross-sectional studies and primarily focused on popular platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. The key advantages of social media use for medical imaging education were accessibility, ease of use, and broad reach, while the main limitation was the potential for misinformation. Conclusion: While there is clear potential to integrate social media into medical imaging education, more must be done to understand their effectiveness. This ongoing process requires the active engagement of all stakeholders. While promising, further research is needed to validate social media as an educational tool. Implications for practice: Successfully integrating social media into medical imaging education, thus enhancing learning, communication, and collaboration between healthcare professionals, requires a strong commitment to managing accurate and reliable content sources on social media.
- A importância da imunohistoquímica na deteção da forma cocóide de Helicobacter pylori: estudo de casoPublication . Paulino, T.; Palma, João; Campo, M.; Ussene, E.O presente estudo de caso pretende demonstrar a importância da imunohistoquímica (IHQ) na deteção da forma cocóide.
- Preliminary results concerning school staff personal exposure to microbial load: worry to be considered?Publication . Pena, Pedro; Cervantes, Renata; Dias, Marta; Gomes, Bianca; Riesenberger, Bruna; Marques, Liliana; Rodriguez, Margarida; Viegas, CarlaSchool environments are potential exposure scenarios to bioaerosols. Breading such contaminants can contribute to the development of respiratory infection. Most studies performed in schools regarding air quality focus on children’s health, neglecting the personal exposure of teachers and school staff. This study aims to provide a first insight into the personal exposure of teachers and school staff to bacteria and fungi in primary schools in Portugal. Personal air samples were collected from teachers and staff with an SKC Button Aerosol Sampler (2 h sampling at 4 L/min flow rate) with a polycarbonate filter from 10 schools located in the Metropolitan Lisbon Area. Extracts were inoculated onto TSA and VRBA (7 days incubation at 30 °C and 37 °C, respectively) for bacterial quantification and onto MEA and DG18 (5–7 days incubation at 27 °C) for fungal quantification. Results showed higher bacterial contamination in teacher samples. Fungal counts followed the same pattern. Although bacterial and fungal counts were below recommended thresholds, the possible presence of potentially harmful pathogens requires qualitative assessment. These preliminary findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to address microbial contamination in schools, ensuring the safety and well-being of the school community.
- Levels of fungi in the air of poultry farms following different stages of birds’ growth cyclePublication . Gomes, Bianca; Dias, Marta; Pena, Pedro; Cervantes, Renata; Rodriguez, Margarida; Marques, Liliana; Riesenberger, Bruna; Carolino, Elisabete; Viegas, CarlaPoultry production intensification might influence microbial development. Concerning fungal assessment, despite the limited number of studies, several fungi have already been found in poultry pavilions. Occupational health specialists frequently overlook worker safety and biological risk assessment due to a lack of systematic knowledge regarding the agents involved. Consequently, workers, exposed to organic dust are at risk of developing various respiratory diseases. This study aimed to analyze indoor and outdoor fungal load at different stages of the poultries growth cycle. The sampling campaign was conducted in Winter in 14 poultry pavilions. Air samples from indoor (n = 47) and outdoor (n = 20) were taken before bird placement (sanitary control), followed by 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks. The impactor MAS-100 was set at 100 L/min for 5 min. Fungal loads indoors exceed the outdoor in all stages of the production cycle. Besides, fungal occurrence was also identified during sanitary control (5%). The acquired data can provide new insights into the variation in fungal air concentrations during different phases of poultry growth. The data obtained should be complemented with qualitative research. Together, this information will support the development of mitigation techniques aiming to protect workers, animals, and environmental health and thus following a One Health approach.
- Sampling protocol to assess Aspergillus section fumigati in woodworking environmentsPublication . Dias, Marta; Gomes, Bianca; Pena, Pedro; Cervantes, Renata; Rodriguez, Margarida; Riesenberger, Bruna; Marques, Liliana; Ribeiro, Edna; Viegas, CarlaAzole fungicides are commonly used in sawmills to protect wood against the wood-destroying basidiomycete fungi. Azole-resistant Aspergillus section Fumigati has previously been identified in these environments. Here we aimed to establish a sampling protocol to efficiently isolate Aspergillus section Fumigati in woodworking environments. The sampling campaign was conducted between December 2022 and November 2023 in 13 DIY stores and 6 sawmills. Both active and passive sampling methods were used. A total of 370 Aspergillus section Fumigati isolates were recovered from the accessed environments with particularly high efficiency using DG18 incubated at 37 °C. Both active and passive sampling media had a similar number of isolates. Regarding Andersen's six-stage air sampler, stage 5 had the highest number of isolates in both woodworking environments. Data presented in this study validated the used protocol to assess Aspergillus section Fumigati in woodworking environments to enable Occupational Health Services to prioritize interventions in these specific occupational environments to perform accurate exposure assessment and detailed risk assessment and management.
- SARS-CoV-2 immunization in academic community: vaccination schemes efficiencyPublication . Almeida, Ana; Oliveira, Ketlyn; Ribeiro, EdnaBackground: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G (SARS-CoV-2-IgG) antibodies have been widely used to assist clinical diagnosis and occupational exposure risks. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels acquired due to different vaccination schemes. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed on volunteers from the Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa. Blood samples were collected and analyzed through the ELISA methodology and a statistical analysis was conducted. Results: Among study participants, the percentage of women was higher than men, with an average age of 39.02 years. 88.5% of individuals had an mRNA vaccination versus 11.5% for a viral vector vaccination. Moderna vaccine had the highest IgG titer (9.62 index), while the lowest titer was 5.97 index, obtained by the Janssen vaccine. Data from individuals with the 2nd vaccine dose corresponded to the highest percentage of seropositive titers (62.6%). Regarding the time between vaccination and sample collection, 41.9% were collected over six months and 2.2% between 1 and 2 months. Discussion: Data demonstrated that the vaccine technology, the period between vaccination and collection, and cross-vaccination have a significant impact on SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels. In conclusion, future assessment of individual immune responses and group immunity is crucial for occupational exposure and public health.
- Substituição do formaldeído por mel como agente fixadorPublication . Carriere, Beatriz; Marques, Sara; Mateus, Sofia; Almeida, Ana; Ladeira, CarinaO formaldeído é o fixador mais utilizado na rotina laboratorial, para a preservação de tecidos. Contudo, tem continuamente suscitado preocupações devido à sua carcinogenicidade. Na procura de alternativas mais seguras, o mel surgiu como um potencial substituto, devido às suas propriedades conservantes e antimicrobianas, bem como às suas características ácidas e desidratantes. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de comparar os efeitos da fixação do mel com o método convencional, utilizando a técnica de coloração de rotina em histopatologia - Hematoxilina e Eosina. Deste modo, foram realizados três tipos de fixação - formalina tamponada a 10% e soluções aquosas de mel a 10% e a 20%. Para cada uma destas houve um total de trinta lâminas, avaliadas por avaliadores externos ao estudo, com conhecimento na área. As lâminas foram avaliadas de acordo com diversos parâmetros – coloração e detalhe nuclear e citoplasmático, uniformidade da coloração e preservação morfológica. Os resultados desta investigação revelaram que os tecidos fixados com uma solução aquosa de mel a 20% apresentavam uma histomorfologia semelhante à da formalina tamponada a 10%. Estes resultados indicam que uma solução aquosa de mel a 20% pode servir como um substituto seguro da formalina a 10% tamponada em histopatologia, proporcionando uma alternativa viável para a preservação de tecidos.
- Neoplasia mesotelial maligna: relato de um casoPublication . Anselmo, Beatriz; Correia, Sara; Tavares, Vanessa; André, Saudade; Mendonça, Paula; Roque, RubenO mesotelioma maligno é uma neoplasia rara e agressiva, com apresentação inicial assintomática, que resulta num diagnóstico tardio e tratamento frequentemente paliativo. Tornou-se mais relevante após a revolução industrial, pois está frequentemente associada à exposição prolongada a asbestos. Tem maior incidência em homens entre os 63 e 70 anos de idade e em 2020 detetaram-se em Portugal 79 novos casos e 73 mortes devido a esta neoplasia. A existência de outras neoplasias com características citológicas semelhantes torna este diagnóstico desafiante. O objetivo deste caso é relatar os aspetos citológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um exame citológico com resultado de mesotelioma maligno numa mulher com contexto clínico de carcinoma da mama. Apresenta-se o caso de uma mulher de 81 anos com histórico de carcinoma da mama bilateral, diagnosticado em 1984 e em 2019, tendo sido submetida a cirurgia e iniciado terapêutica hormonal, cuja evolução revelou um quadro compatível com metástase do mesmo. Desenvolveu também um derrame pleural neoplásico persistente, resultando em encarceramento pulmonar. Para análise citológica do derrame, obtiveram-se duas amostras secundárias com volume de 50 mL, uma processada como citobloco (HistoGel), outra processada por centrifugação e citocentrifugação (Thermo-Shandon Cytospin 4) coradas com coloração de May Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) e Papanicolaou (PAP). A análise citomorfologica não foi suficiente para um diagnóstico, carecendo a realização de imunohistoquímica (IHQ).
- Immunohistochemical marking in the diagnosis of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma: a systematic reviewPublication . Quintas, Catarina; Alves, Marta; Silva, Vera; Mendonça, Paula; Borges-Ferro, ACombined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a rare and biologically aggressive primary hepatic neoplasm, accounting for approximately 2% to 5% of liver tumors. This malignant neoplasm is defined by the coexistence of hepatocellular and cholangiocytic differentiation within the same tumor, integrating morphological and molecular features of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Its phenotypic heterogeneity contributes to complex clinical behavior and is associated with a poor prognosis, often worse than isolated HCC or CC. Diagnosing cHCC-CCA remains challenging due to overlapping imaging findings and conflicting biomolecular profiles. Currently, the gold standard for definitive diagnosis is histopathological analysis, with immunohistochemistry (IHC) serving as an essential complementary tool to identify the tumor components. Markers such as arginase-1 (Arg-1), HepPar-1, cytokeratin 18 (K18), cytokeratin 7 (K7), and cytokeratin 19 (K19) are commonly employed to aid in tumor characterization. However, variability in marker expression hampers diagnostic standardization. This study aims to systematize existing evidence on the use of Arg-1, HepPar-1, K18, K7, and K19 in the diagnosis of cHCC-CCA, evaluating their impact on the standardization of diagnostic criteria for this carcinoma.
- Carcinossarcoma: estudo de caso em citologia ginecológicaPublication . Pinheiro, Carla; Bento, Ana; Freitas, Bárbara; Roque, Ruben; André, Saudade; Mendonça, PaulaO carcinossarcoma uterino, também conhecido por tumor mülleriano misto maligno, é um tumor raro em mulheres e tem um comportamento clínico agressivo. Corresponde a menos de 5% dos tumores malignos do corpo uterino, mas é responsável por 15-30% dos casos de morte em doentes com neoplasia maligna do útero. É uma neoplasia maligna bifásica caracterizada, histologicamente, por ser constituída por componente epitelial e mesenquimatosa. A literatura sugere que a componente epitelial é determinante na agressividade tumoral, sustentando a classificação como carcinoma do endométrio de alto grau. A componente mesenquimatosa divide-se em homóloga (quando é semelhante às células encontradas no órgão de origem) ou heteróloga. Em alguns casos não são identificáveis as duas componentes na amostra citológica, sendo por isso um tipo de tumor difícil de distinguir em citopatologia. Os fatores de risco são idade avançada, raça negra, nuliparidade com co-morbilidades (obesidade, diabetes, hipertensão arterial), uso de estrogénio exógeno e história de radioterapia pélvica. É uma neoplasia geralmente diagnosticada em estádios avançados e apresenta uma elevada taxa de progressão/recidiva nas doentes. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar um caso de carcinossarcoma em citologia ginecológica, evidenciando as características citomorfológicas que permitem identificar esta neoplasia.