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- Earning per unit of common stockholder: A predictor of share pricesPublication . Sharif, Nimra; Ahmad, Nawaz; Dos Santos, Maria José Palma LampreiaThe glaring of the stock market and the frequency of transaction involved there in have prompted the research community to make sophisticated predictions related to its components. In such a situation, the most highligted variable is the market value of the share. The prediction is made to spotlight a model that could give investors a solution to allocate their valuable financial resources. With such outburst of research in this field, no magic key or perfect model is ever identified that could solve the puzzle of share prices fluctuation hence, making this topic ever heated up and hot. This study is an extension of such research studies whereby we have taken Earning per share as a regressor for the market price of the share. Panel statistics of random effect model are applied by taking five companies from the fertilizer sector. Data considered for the study is for a period between 2004 and 2015. The results of the study defined a strong causal linkage between EPS and share prices (t = 18.24125, p<0.01 and R2 = 0.853098). These findings can direct the investors to include EPS in their share evaluation criteria and make a prudent decision in this regard.
- Sustainability of European agricultural holdingsPublication . Dos Santos, Maria José Palma Lampreia; Ahmad, NawazEuropean agricultural activity has an important contribution to European and global food security and also in the preservation of countryside and livelihood. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the agricultural sustainability of the twenty-eight Member States of the European Union in order to promote sustainable agriculture, food security and rural development in the European region. Information and data used are obtained from the European Commission database. The methodology includes the min–max approach and multivariate techniques, namely, Cluster and Factorial Analysis. The findings show the existence of three different clusters of farms in European countries, namely, Central European countries, New Eastern Member States, and the Mediterranean countries. The results also conclude that European agriculture and their respective farms have moderate sustainability where the subsidies from Common Agricultural Policy have a positive impact on. Moreover, agricultural activity in the European Central countries presents the highest value in economic contribution, whereas the Mediterranean countries present more contribution in environmental terms. The highest contribution in terms of creating rural jobs is found in Eastern countries. The main conclusion highlights the need to better adjust agricultural policies among the European Member States in order to better promote the sustainability of agriculture in Europe.
- The performance comparison of the open-ended fund and close-ended mutual fund in PakistanPublication . Ahmad, Nawaz; Sharif, Salwa; Dos Santos, Maria José Palma LampreiaThis research study show performance comparison of the Net Asset Values (NAVs) return of Openended and Close-ended mutual funds in Pakistan. The aim of the study to analyze the dissimilarity between the “net asset values” (NAVs) returns of the open-ended and close-ended mutual funds. The monthly data of Net Asset Value return of both open-ended funds and close-ended funds were taken over the period from 2006 till 2011 (inclusive). The NAVs return was computed through (LN) natural log function. The normality test was conducted initially and then the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test were applied, their result showed that the data is not normally distributed. The Mann- Whitney U test and then further the Kruskal Wallis was conducted to check for the differences between these two groups of independent variables. It showed dissimilarity between the net asset value returns of the openended and close-ended mutual funds. Further Kruskal Wallis test results indicated significant differences between the open-ended and close-ended funds. It is concluded that the performance of open-ended and close-ended mutual funds is not the same. Also, growth is witnessed in the mutual fund industry and many close-ended funds have been converted to open-ended funds
- Crowdfunding as an alternative for developing investigative journalism: a baseline analysis of the education sector in PortugalPublication . Dos Santos, Maria José Palma Lampreia; Ahmad, NawazThe subprime crisis from 2007 and the availability of free news on the Internet led to a drastic decrease of investigative journalism in Portugal. Crowdfunding could be an alternative to traditional models of financing investigative journalism. The present paper aims to analyze the crowdfunding for financing investigative journalism in that country. The methodology used is exploratory. The main results highlight confirm the low entrepreneurial skills of journalists. We suggest the future inclusion of courses in economics and entrepreneurship in the academic degrees in Portugal to overcome this problem.
- Forecast foreign exchange rate: The case study of PKR/USDPublication . AsadUllah, Muhammad; Ahmad, Nawaz; Dos Santos, Maria José Palma LampreiaThe main aim of this paper is to forecast the future values of the exchange rate of the USD. Dollar (USD) and Pakistani Rupee (PR). For this purpose was used the ARIMA model to forecast the future exchange rates, because the time series was stationary at first difference. Data reported to five years ranging from the first day of April 2014 to 31st March 2019. The results proved that ARIMA (1,1,9) is the most suitable model to forecast the exchange rate. The difference between the forecasted values and actual values are less than 1%; therefore, it was found that the ARIMA is robust and this model will be helpful for the government functionaries, monetary policymakers, economists and other stakeholders to identify and forecast the future trend of the exchange rate and make their policies accordingly.
- Assessing the sustainability of crowdfunding in social media and google trendsPublication . Dos Santos, Maria José Palma Lampreia; Mota, Manuel; Ferreiro, Maria Fátima; Ahmad, Nawaz; Ahmed, Rizwan Raheem; Machado-Santos, Carlos; Silva, Emiliana Leonilde Dinis Gil SoaresThis paper aims to assess the degree to which sustainability, namely, economic, social, environmental and institutional dimensions are integrated within the public discourse on crowdfunding in social media and in Google Trends. The utilizing Social Media Analytics and Google Trends search queries, respectively, we track discussions on crowdfunding in user-generated content published in social media and analyse the Google Trends queries. Quantitative methodology, namely, multivariate analysis and econometric models was used, in order nowcast the insights about the importance of the sustainability dimensions in the crowdfunding. The results show an interesting trend of increasing popularity search terms in sustainability dimensions as a proxi of marketing strategies to involve the participants in the crowdfunding projects.
- Factors affecting customer’s online purchase behavior: The case study of Karachi, PKPublication . Ahmad, Nawaz; Dos Santos, Maria José Palma Lampreia; Mesiya, Aisha YusufThe main aim of this paper is to analyses the impact of consumer behavior on online shopping in order to increase the sales and respective profit and also the confidence of consumers on this process. For this purpose, na online and direct questionnaire was used in Karachi City (Paskistan) in order to analyses consumers’ attitudes via unrestricted non-probabilistic sampling technique.The methods used includes unvariate and econometric models, including the main dimensions of online shopping. The main results highlines confirm the importance of the dimensions attributed by the consumers while they choose to shop online, namely, delivery risk, financial risk, trust and security and web design. Therefore, marketers should ensure that all these elements are included in their source of online shopping forum. It will certainly provide them increaing sales and loyalty from consumers. Also, marketers should consider that there is minimal risk involved for the online shoppers and should develop all the software support tools to avoid fraud in order to increases the conficence of consumers on online purchase system.
- Analyse de la durabilité des entreprises agricoles EuropéennesPublication . Dos Santos, Maria José Palma Lampreia; Ferreiro, Maria de Fátima; Ahmad, Nawaz; Ahmed, Rizwan Raheem; Mota, Manuel Gonçalves; Silva, Emiliana Leonilde Dinis Gil Soares; Machado-Santos, CarlosL'activité agricole européenne a un rôle important pour la sécurité alimentaire européenne et mondiale et aussi dans la préservation du monde rural. L'objectif principal de cet article est l’analyse de la durabilité agricole des vingt-huit États Membres de l'Union Européenne en termes économiques, environnementales, sociales et politiques. La information utilisée dans l’analyse correspond à la base de données Réseau D'information Comptable Agricole (RICA) de la Commission Européenne et la méthodologie inclut l'approche min-max et les méthodes multivariées, notamment l'analyse du Composant Principal et l'analyse de regroupement (Cluster). Les résultats confirment l'existence de trois groupes de pays/entreprises agricoles européens: les pays de l’Éurope Centrale, les Nouveaus Etats-Membres, et les pays Méditerranéens. Les résultats confirment également que les entreprises agricoles européennes et leurs pays respectifs presentment une durabilité moyenne. Les points-clés de la conclusion principale confirment aussi l'importance de la durabilité pour mieux ajuster les politiques agricoles entre les Etats-Membres Européens.