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Massano de Amorim Mavigné Andrade, Maria da Graça
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- Influence of cognitive factors on adherence to social distancing and the use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic by young adults: a systematic reviewPublication . Almeida-Silva, Marina; Andrade, Graça; Luis, Tamara; Santos, Margarida; Grilo, AnaSocial distancing and the use of masks are crucial to prevent the spread of SARS-COV-2. Knowledge of the determinants of this behavior is essential to promote effective communication with the public in future public health crises that require mass public compliance with preventive behaviors. This systematic review focused on scientific evidence related to cognitive factors that underlie young adults’ intention to adhere to preventive social behavior (distancing and/or the use of facial masks) against COVID-19. A systematic literature search on the electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO was performed in December 2022 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The PEO (Population: young adults, Exposure: COVID-19, and Outcome: cognitive factors that underlie the intention of young adults to adhere to social distancing and/or the use of facial masks) was developed to identify search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. None of the studies were seriously flawed according to the quality assessment, and they were considered to have a low risk of bias for selection. Several cognitive determinants emerged in the analysis. For social distancing and the use of masks, the most relevant factors related to adherence include risk perception and perceived severity, the moral value of fairness, social responsibility, trust in the government, respect for authority, and the quality of institutional communication. Adherence to social distancing was found related to self-efficacy. These results reinforce social cognitive models showing the relevance of cognitions to adherence behavior and highlight the responsibility of official institutions in the development of contexts and in adapting the communication for the effective promotion of adherence to the recommendations they launch.
- Novo campus, novas relações: práticas de acolhimento e integração no ensino superiorPublication . Andrade, Graça; Cunha, Olga; Ferreira, CarolinaO presente documento tem como objetivo abordar os vários tipos de atividades de acolhimento e integração de estudantes de primeiro ano, que são comumente implementadas nas instituições de ensino superior (IES) nacionais e estrangeiras. A necessidade destas atividades insere-se na conceção holística do sistema educativo, em que as IES devem assumir objetivos fora da esfera académica estrita, devendo promover a saúde, o bem-estar psicossocial e o desenvolvimento dos estudantes. Para melhor promover a adaptação dos estudantes ao ensino superior é importante enquadrar este processo na fase de desenvolvimento psicológico em que os estudantes se encontram. A entrada no ensino superior ocorre, para a maioria, no período da adultez emergente, em que o jovem adulto já não se vê como adolescente nem tão pouco como um verdadeiro adulto com as responsabilidades e compromissos que lhe estão associados. Contudo, o processo psicossocial exige que durante esta fase a pessoa seja já capaz de tomar decisões autónomas e assumir responsabilidade sobre si próprio. O percurso académico é exigente no que respeita a estas competências, o que promove o desenvolvimento pessoal dos estudantes, mas pode ser sentida como excessivo por alguns, principalmente no início do seu percurso.
- Socio-demographic and psychological determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention in European and North American adults: a systematic reviewPublication . Almeida-Silva, Marina; Vieira, Lina Oliveira; Grilo, Ana; Pedro, Luísa; Coelho, André; Carolino, Elisabete; Umanets, Oleksandra; Andrade, GraçaSince the beginning of the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic, tremendous efforts have been made to address this public health emergency of international concern. The control of the disease has essentially depended on vaccination programs. Many recent studies continue to explore the factors related to the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycoINFO were searched to gather all relevant data on the social and psychological determinants of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. The ROBIS tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The main objective of this systematic review was to identify the main social and psychological determinants responsible for the choice to vaccinate against COVID-19 in the adult population of Europe and North America. This systematic review examined literature identified through seven databases yielding 576 PRISMA records, yielding 28 articles. The results suggest that older people, higher education level, and Caucasians have a stronger intention to be vaccinated. Many studies confirm that beliefs about vaccine costs and benefits are related to vaccine intention. Social concerns, perceived severity of COVID-19, and perceived risk of being infected are confirmed in most studies as determinants of vaccination intention. Conspiracy beliefs seem to promote vaccine hesitance. The results point to some useful conclusions for promoting vaccination in future pandemic situations. In addition to the targeting of the most vaccine-resistant groups, this study suggests the main themes that should be focused on in future public communication to promote vaccination.