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- Organizational communication and performance appraisal: 360º feedback and organizational communicationPublication . Mourão, Rita Monteiro; Miranda, SandraOrganizational communication and performance appraisal are essential to human resources management. Organizational communication has been relevant in organizations, especially because globalization and competitiveness create more permanent contact between employees (Miller, 2011). In turn, performance appraisal has been shown to be essential to organizational effectiveness (Proctor and Doukakis, 2003). However, traditional performance evaluation has some limitations (e.g. quotation mistakes associated with the subjectivity of evaluators) (Caetano, 2008). To prevent these limitations, it is important to be aware of 360º evaluation, a specific evaluation method that considers more than one appraiser (Brutus and Gorriti, 2005), and permits to control any eventual idiosyncrasies (Oh and Mount, 2011). This evaluation method is more frequent in organizations with a hierarchical structure of bottom-up (i.e., greater sharing of power) (Brutus and Brassard, 2005). It is expected that the 360º evaluation may be useful to create a better organizational communication, because communication failures tend to occur in organizations with a strong hierarchical structure, due to lower sharing of power among different organizational actors (Felts, 1992). In this case, we describe a theoretical review of these topics, because they have been rarely reported in literature and may be related to each other. In this way, we will present the results of interviews with two experts in the field of organizational communication. These results are important to define organizational communication and 360º evaluation and to create an analysis model about these topics.
- Communication in organizations and 360-degree evaluation: what is the relationship between the two concepts?Publication . Mourão, Rita Monteiro; Miranda, SandraThe performance appraisal has a very important role in the strategic objectives of the organization, because it contributes to its efficacy (Aguinis, 2007). However, some limitations of top-down performance appraisal like the subjectivity have been proposed other evaluations, like 360-degree evaluation (Kondrasuk, 2012). This is a specific evaluation that considers more than one appraiser (Brutus & Gorriti, 2005). The purpose of this research is to know if the application of 360-degree evaluation influences organizational communication. We conducted a qualitative exploratory study through the interviews with experts. The results that will be presented are still preliminary and have theoretical and practical applications. In general, we conclude that 360-degree evaluation could be advantageous for organizational communication (e.g. active voice of employees; symmetrical and bi-directional communication).
- The organizational communication and the leadership: what is the relationship between the 360-degree evaluation and the leadership communication?Publication . Mourão, Rita Monteiro; Miranda, Sandra; Gonçalves, GiselaOrganizational communication and evaluation processes play a key role for organizations, as they are responsible for better individual performance and consequently for greater organizational effectiveness (Proctor & Doukakis, 2003). In general, organizational communication may be defined as a way of disseminating information that enables coordination and conclusion of tasks, decision-making and conflict resolution (Ayub, Manaf & Hamzah, 2014). On the other hand, performance evaluation may be generically defined as a continuous process of monitoring and management that allows correcting of certain behaviors (Hosain, 2016). Over the years it has become clear that the traditional performance appraisal process (i.e., the top-down evaluation process in which the leader evaluates the subordinate) presents some limitations, such as non-confidentiality and quotation errors of the evaluators (Caetano, 2008). In this sense, it became necessary to promote other alternative forms of performance evaluation, such as the 360-degree performance evaluation.
- Organizational communication and performance appraisal: the organizational communication under 360º evaluationPublication . Mourão, Rita Monteiro; Miranda, SandraThe performance evaluation and organizational communication have a central role in organizations, because promote organizational effectiveness (Proctor and Doukakis, 2003). Some limitations of top-down performance appraisal (e.g. subjectivity) and new technologies (i.e., intranet) have been urging other evaluations, like 360o evaluation (Kondrasuk, 2012). This is a specific evaluation that considers more than one appraiser (Brutus and Gorriti, 2005). We intend to realize what type of communication that leaders adopt (i.e., support communication or defensive communication) after applying the 360o evaluation. We intend to realize, too, which might be the consequences of this type of communication for some attitudes and behaviors of employees (e.g. commitment, satisfaction, trust and cynicism). To construct a research question, firstly it becomes pertinent to conducting an exploratory qualitative study, through interviews with experts. In theoretical terms, we will present some categories and sub-categories constructed with data from the exploratory interviews (e.g. “360o evaluation as advantageous for organizational communication”). In general, we conclude that 360o evaluation may increase an active voice of employees and promotes a bi-directional and a symmetrical communication among them. In practical terms, the aim is a promotion of the application of 360o evaluation and organizational communication, exceeding any limitations of existing communicative and evaluative processes.
- A avaliação 360º e a comunicação das chefias: onde se cruzam?Publication . Mourão, Rita Monteiro; Miranda, Sandra; Gonçalves, GiselaA comunicação organizacional e a avaliação de desempenho podem constituir-se como práticas estratégicas muito importantes para o desenvolvimento profissional dos membros da organização e, consequentemente, para a eficácia organizacional. Nos últimos anos tem vindo a desenvolver-se um tipo de avaliação de desempenho específico designado por avaliação 360o. Este método avaliativo possibilita uma maior variedade de perspetivas, quando comparado com a avaliação tradicional/top-down (i.e., apenas a chefia avaliar os subordinados). Sabe-se que este tipo de avaliação tende a ser aplicado em organizações mais democráticas e poderá ser responsável por um maior diálogo entre os atores organizacionais. O presente artigo procura perceber qual poderá ser o papel da avaliação 360o no âmbito da comunicação organizacional e qual o tipo de comunicação adotado pelas chefias, aquando da aplicação da avaliação 360o. A revisão de literatura elaborada permitiu apreender que a realização da avaliação 360o pode estar relacionada com uma comunicação de suporte por parte das chefias, ao invés da adoção de uma comunicação defensiva, contribuindo para uma maior confiança e uma voz mais ativa dos colaboradores.
- Organizational communication and performance appraisal: 360º feedback and organizational communicationPublication . Mourão, Rita Monteiro; Miranda, SandraThe performance evaluation and organizational communication have a central role in organizations, because promote organizational effectiveness (Proctor and Doukakis, 2003). Some limitations of top-down performance appraisal (e.g. subjectivity) and new technologies (i.e., intranet) have been urging other evaluations, like 360o evaluation (Kondrasuk, 2012). This is a specific evaluation that considers more than one appraiser (Brutus and Gorriti, 2005). We intend to realize what type of communication that leaders adopt (i.e., support communication or defensive communication) after applying the 360o evaluation. We intend to realize, too, which might be the consequences of this type of communication for some attitudes and behaviors of employees (e.g. commitment, satisfaction, trust and cynicism). To construct a research question, firstly it becomes pertinent to conducting an exploratory qualitative study, through interviews with experts. In theoretical terms, we will present some categories and sub-categories constructed with data from the exploratory interviews (e.g. “360o evaluation as advantageous for organizational communication”). In general, we conclude that 360o evaluation may increase an active voice of employees and promotes a bi-directional and a symmetrical communication among them. In practical terms, the aim is a promotion of the application of 360o evaluation and organizational communication, exceeding any limitations of existing communicative and evaluative processes.
- What is the role of 360º evaluation in organizational communication?Publication . Mourão, Rita Monteiro; Miranda, SandraThe performance evaluation and organizational communication have a central role in organizations, because promote organizational effectiveness (Proctor and Doukakis, 2003). Some limitations of top-down performance appraisal (e.g. subjectivity) and new technologies (i.e., intranet) have been urging other evaluations, like 360o evaluation (Kondrasuk, 2012). This is a specific evaluation that considers more than one appraiser (Brutus and Gorriti, 2005). We intend to realize what type of communication that leaders adopt (i.e., support communication or defensive communication) after applying the 360o evaluation. We intend to realize, too, which might be the consequences of this type of communication for some attitudes and behaviors of employees (e.g. commitment, satisfaction, trust and cynicism). To construct a research question, firstly it becomes pertinent to conducting an exploratory qualitative study, through interviews with experts. In theoretical terms, we will present some categories and sub-categories constructed with data from the exploratory interviews (e.g. “360o evaluation as advantageous for organizational communication”). In general, we conclude that 360o evaluation may increase an active voice of employees and promotes a bi-directional and a symmetrical communication among them. In practical terms, the aim is a promotion of the application of 360o evaluation and organizational communication, exceeding any limitations of existing communicative and evaluative processes.