Loading...
12 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 12
- Conservatism, secrecy, and the SMEs' financing optionsPublication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínThis chapter aims to examine the financing options of the managers/owners of SMEs (small and medium-sized companies) from a point of view that incorporates cultural values, namely, conservatism and secrecy. Data were collected with the use of a questionnaire conducted for managers/owners of a sample of 1,629 Portuguese SMEs, and with the use of accounting and financial information from the period 2009-2011. 438 managers/owners provided valid answers, corresponding to a response rate of 27%. Using multivariate regression techniques as a basis, the results showed that a significant number of managers/owners supported the negative relationship between conservatism/secrecy and the business financing options associated with a higher risk (debts with costs). The results also showed that a more significant number of managers/owners of national SMEs choose sources of financing in light of the pecking order theory.
- As diferenças em torno dos valores culturais: um estudo empírico a partir de entidades listadas em índices europeus.Publication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, Joaquín; Rodrigues, Nuno Miguel BarrosoA influência do fator cultural no âmbito da subcultura da Contabilidade é reconhecida pela literatura, que não descura os seus eventuais impactos na comparabilidade do relato financeiro. A presente investigação visa aferir a eventual existência de distintos níveis de valores culturais propostos por Gray (1988) em função de agrupamentos regionais. Adicionalmente, pretende-se testar a existência de uma eventual associação entre os referidos valores culturais. A recolha dos dados foi realizada a partir dos relatórios e contas consolidados anuais, referentes a 2013 e 2014, divulgados pelas entidades cotadas (grupos não financeiros) nos índices bolsistas relativos a mercados financeiros da União Europeia (UE), tendo sido utilizada a análise de conteúdo como metodologia. Após a aplicação de critérios específicos de seleção, a população final deste estudo é constituída por 137 entidades. Os resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação de técnicas de análise não-paramétricas bivariadas sugerem que o conservadorismo distingue-se em função de alguns agrupamentos regionais. Constata-se ainda a existência de uma conexão positiva entre o conservadorismo e o secretismo. Um dos contributos desta investigação consiste, entre outros, na identificação do potencial impacto da cultura sobre o julgamento profissional, mesmo no contexto do avançado processo de harmonização contabilística internacional em curso.
- An Analysis Of Cultural Differences Based On The Replacement Project Of IAS 39: Financial Instruments – Recognition And MeasurementPublication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, Joaquín; Carvalho, Cláudia Daniela Ferreira da MotaThe accounting culture of individual countries is frequently considered as an obstacle to complete accounting harmonization. This study intends to analyze the differences in terms of culture based on the respondents’ participation in the issuing/change process of the standards of the International Accounting Standard Board (Iasb). Therefore, the comment letters sent to the Iasb where analyzed in the context of the first part of the replacement process of the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39: Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement by the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9. The respondent countries were identified in function of the classification proposed by Gray (1988). Next, the collected data were submitted to the non-parametric chi-square test. The results of this study evidence the existence of cultural differences in the responses obtained from the countries, particularly in the context of the accounting value of conservatism, without identifying evidences of these differences for the values of secrecy, professionalism and uniformity. Thus, it is concluded that the countries classified as conservative prefer more conservative measuring practices, based, namely, on the cost or amortized cost, to the detriment of fair value-based measuring criteria. These study results are intended to support decision making by international standard setters and the national entities responsible for subscribing to these standards.
- O conservadorismo como valor cultural presente no relato financeiro: Evidência empírica a partir do relato das entidades cotadas em mercados regulamentados EuropeusPublication . Albuquerque, Fábio; Rodrigues, Nunes; Texeira Quirós, Joaquín; Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do RosárioO presente estudo pretende avaliar a existência de variáveis confirmatórias do conservadorismo a partir das divulgações efetuadas no relato financeiro. A recolha dos dados foi efetuada a partir dos relatórios e contas consolidadas anuais, referentes a 2013 e 2014, divulgados por 137 entidades cotadas (grupos não financeiros) nos índices bolsistas relativos a mercados financeiros da União Europeia (UE): Portuguese Stock Index (PSI)-20, Iberian Index (IBEX)-35, Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE)-100, German Stock Index (DAX)-30 e Stockholm Stock Exchange (OMX)-S30, tendo sido utilizada a análise de conteúdo como metodologia. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a aferição do conservadorismo a partir da relevância apresenta-se mais consistente com as associações sugeridas pela literatura. Uma das principais contribuições desta investigação é a consideração do impacto da cultura no relato financeiro, nomeadamente através da proposta de uma nova proxy para mensuração do conservadorismo a partir do relato financeiro.
- A cultura e as características qualitativas da informação financeira: um estudo empírico com base em empresas cotadas em distintos mercados europeusPublication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, Joaquín; Rodrigues, Nuno Miguel BarrosoA presente investigação visa aferir a eventual existência de associação entre os valores culturais propostos por Gray (1988) e as características qualitativas no relato financeiro, no âmbito da revisão da Estrutura Conceitual conjuntamente desenvolvida entre o Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) e o International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). A recolha dos dados foi realizada a partir dos relatórios e contas consolidados anuais, relativos a 2013 e 2014, divulgados pelas entidades não financeiras cotadas nos índices bolsistas referentes a mercados financeiros da União Europeia (UE): PSI-20, IBEX-35, FTSE-100, DAX-30 e OMX-S30. Após a aplicação dos critérios de seleção, a população final deste estudo engloba 137 entidades. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo como método de pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação do teste estatístico de Mann-Whitney-U sugerem que o conservadorismo encontra-se negativamente associado à relevância da informação financeira. Avaliar o impacto da cultura no processo de convergência internacional, bem como dos elementos que se encontram associados a essa problemática, constitui um dos contributos científicos desta investigação.
- The Influence of Culture and Professional Judgment on Accounting: An Analysis from the Perspective of Information Preparers in PortugalPublication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, Joaquín; Marcelino, Manuela MariaThe standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (Iasb) are based on principles, which delegate decisions on accounting matters to professional judgment, based on the concepts existing in those standards, with implications for financial reporting. The objective in this study is to analyze the influence of culture on professional judgment, through the analysis of the existence of significant differences in the decisions about the disclosure or recognition of liabilities and assets, as well as to validate (or not) the classification Gray (1988) attributed to Portugal concerning the accounting values of conservatism and secrecy. In that sense, the concepts established in Accounting and Financial Reporting Standard (NCRF) 21, entitled Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. Based on the distribution of a questionnaire to the information preparers, which resulted in a sample of 408 professionals, it could be identified through the use of bivariate statistical techniques that there are significant differences in the professionals’ perception of asset and liability disclosure and recognition, revealing a stronger trend towards the disclosure or recognition of liabilities. Concerning conservatism and secrecy, using multivariate statistical techniques, a higher level of conservatism could be verified as an accounting value in Portugal, as well as the existence of an association between conservatism and secrecy. This study attracts standardizing entities’ attention to the importance of aspects related to the information disclosed in the financial statements, particularly regarding the professional judgment.
- Is the Financial Reporting of Listed Entities in the European Markets Influenced by Conservatism?Publication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, Joaquín; Rodrigues, Nuno SimõesThe influence of the accounting value of conservatism, proposed by Gray (1988) as part of the cultural relevance theory, has been widely debated in the literature. The possession of derivative financial instruments (DFI) was used as proxy to define it. This study aims to assess the existence of the explanatory variables of this accounting value, such as regional groups, firm level controls and qualitative characteristics. Content analysis was used in 2013 and 2014 annual reports and consolidated accounts disclosed by non-financial entities listed on five stock market indexes of the European Union (EU), namely: PSI-20, IBEX-35, FTSE-100, DAX-30, and OMX-S30. After the application of the selection criteria, the population of this study encompasses 137 entities. The findings indicate that conservatism differs significantly according to the regional groups, as suggested by the literature. Additionally, firm level controls such as size and profitability, as well as the fundamental qualitative characteristics, can explain conservatism. One of the main contributions of this research is to consider the impact of culture on the financial reporting, even bearing in mind the latest convergence efforts among the main accounting standard setting bodies at international level.
- The conservatism as a cultural value that underlies the financial reporting: Empirical evidence from listed companies in European regulated marketsPublication . Albuquerque, Fábio; Rodrigues, Nuno; Texeira Quirós, Joaquín; Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do RosárioThis paper intends to assess the existence of confirmatory variables of conservatism based on the disclosures made in the financial report. Data were collected from the annual accounts for 2013 and 2014 disclosed by 137 listed entities (non-financial groups) in the European Union (EU) stock indexes: Portuguese Stock Index (PSI)-20, Iberian Index (IBEX)-35, Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE)- 100, German Stock Index (DAX)-30 e Stockholm Stock Exchange (OMX)-S30. The content analysis was used as a methodology. After applying multiple linear regression models, the findings indicate that the assessment of the conservatism based on relevance is consistent with the associations suggested in the literature. One of the main contributions of this research is the consideration of the impact of culture on financial reporting, namely through the proposal of a new proxy for the measurement of conservatism based on the financial report.
- Three essays on the culture and professional judgment in AccountingPublication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínThree essays on the culture and the professional judgment is a book composed by three different papers, which were written by several authors who can be also considered this book’s authors. Despite their previous publication in different journals, we have decided to gather them in this project in order to present different perspectives of this theme in a single document. The first one presents one example of the Gray’s (1988) model application using the data extracted from the comment letters received by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in the scope of a review process of the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The second makes use of a survey and intends to demonstrate how the financial statements can be differently presented according to the professional judgement. Finally, the main aspect to be highlighted regarding the third paper is the focus on the decision in terms of the financing options from the perspective of the owners of the Small and Medium-sized (SMEs) entities. Data from annual account reports and a survey were jointly used within this empirical research. The criterion for the selection made for this book were based on the differences in terms of the underlying issues as well as the different methodological approaches.
- As diferenças em torno dos valores culturais: um estudo empírico a partir de entidades listadas em índices europeusPublication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínA influência do fator cultural no âmbito da subcultura da Contabilidade é reconhecida pela literatura, que não descura os seus eventuais impactos na comparabilidade do relato financeiro. A presente investigação visa aferir a eventual existência de distintos níveis de valores culturais propostos por Gray (1988) em função de agrupamentos regionais. Adicionalmente, pretende-se testar a existência de uma eventual associação entre os referidos valores culturais. A recolha dos dados foi realizada a partir dos relatórios e contas consolidados anuais, referentes a 2013 e 2014, divulgados pelas entidades cotadas (grupos não financeiros) nos índices bolsistas relativos a mercados financeiros da União Europeia (UE), tendo sido utilizada a análise de conteúdo como metodologia. Após a aplicação de critérios específicos de seleção, a população final deste estudo é constituída por 137 entidades. Os resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação de técnicas de análise não-paramétricas bivariadas sugerem que o conservadorismo distingue-se em função de alguns agrupamentos regionais. Constata-se ainda a existência de uma conexão positiva entre o conservadorismo e o secretismo. Um dos contributos desta investigação consiste, entre outros, na identificação do potencial impacto da cultura sobre o julgamento profissional, mesmo no contexto do avançado processo de harmonização contabilística internacional em curso.