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- Synthesis of the Arts: The Project of Architecture in its Relation with the Process of Design. Carlos Tojal, Manuel Moreira and Carlos Roxo (1960- 1974): Multiplano, a case study.Publication . Antunes, Sandra Sofia Pereira; Souto, Maria HelenaWithin the Theory and History of Material Culture, as well as the Theory of Design, this project relies not on essayistic, but on historiographical based investigation, strongly founded in documental sources. Aiming to reveal inedited documentation, actions and agents witch may contribute to the comprehension of the place of design, has of the culture of project oriented thought within the Portuguese context, it assumes as its object of study the architecture studio Multiplano – therefore, framing the problem of Design in Portugal from its process point of view, rather than from its object. Established in Lisbon around 1972 by the architects Carlos Tojal (1929-2015), Manuel Moreira (b.1933) and Carlos Roxo (b.1935), three architects known by the “Three Wonders” epithet, Multiplano and its interveners guard witness to several moments of national projectual culture. Between 1961 and 1974, Tojal, Moreira and Roxo have jointly developed a vast and coherent project-oriented and ideological body of products: demarcating up from Beaux-Arts contemplation, ideal Deco, or Modernist interactions to embrace projectual materialist dialectics, extending yet the concept of useful by structurally integrating artistic thinking along the social utopia of design; to be later overtaken by market.
- On architecture as project-oriented Method Tojal, Moreira and Roxo: A case study”Publication . Antunes, Sandra Sofia Pereira; Helena Souto, MariaFocussing on the statements of a group of architects from Lisbon’s School of Fine Arts, founders of the Multiplano atelier, this lecture offers an insight into the development of a project-oriented-culture within those circles. Their quest, which involved abandoning all dogmatic form, standing against geniality and individual inspiration, contributed to the implementation of processes, imagistic ideologies and activity relating to what by the late 50s, quite silently given its inherent socialist connotations, was being inaugurated in Portugal under the aegis of the term Design. This study uses historiographical and applied research methodology, based on the discovery of Multiplano’s archives and a subsequent inventory of their work and collaborators. The discovery of a particular document by Carlos Roxo brought to the discussion specific concepts like Useful, Scientific Aesthetic, Architecture as Visual Art and the Organic Materialist Method. Stimulating interaction between art, science, emotion, technology and the common Man; claiming the architect to be an artist, whose metier is a form of arts-based research (which by means of Scientific Aesthetics instigates debate on architecture’s syntax, semantics, method and utility), our protagonists provide an ideological and professional testimony on the growing awareness of a science of design in Portugal.
- Museu como dispositivo de investigação em arte e design baseada na práticaPublication . Pereira, Teresa Matos; Antunes, Sandra Sofia PereiraO presente texto dá conta dos princípios, do processo investigativo e de alguns entre os resultados apurados no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Estudos de Arte e Design, do curso de Artes Visuais e Tecnologias da Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa. Assumiu-se como contexto de trabalho o Museu Nacional de Etnologia, tendo sido lançadas aos estudantes as seguintes questões iniciais: “Que significados os do Museu?” e “De que modo pode, ou não, o Museu fomentar ou condicionar investigação em Arte e em Design?”. Da visita ao espaço museológico e das primeiras sessões coletivas de discussão em sala de aula, emergiram problemáticas que informaram o desenrolar, amadurecimento e conceção dos projetos desenvolvidos pelos estudantes. Destes optámos por trazer os que tomaram corpo no círculo do design, demonstrativos de abordagem onde o objeto é documento cultural material, constituído e constituindo-se ação cultural.