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- Academic plagiarism: yielding to temptationPublication . Ferro, Maria João; Fanha Martins, HélderScope: Everybody lies. Plagiarism is pervasive because people are used to lying to succeed. While bringing up someone else’s ideas may be an inadvertent case of cryptomnesia, or unintentional plagiarism, academic plagiarism is hardly ever that case. Building on the existing literature, the aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it contributes to the creation of a new framework for the definition of academic plagiarism within the larger scope of academic dishonesty, or academic misconduct; on the other hand, it identifies forms to recognize and discourage it. Aim: Our aim is to provide the basis for a subsequent empirical study on the phenomenon of plagiarism at LABS-ISCAL hoping to help diminish this practice that is deeply rooted in students in general.
- Agency Relations in the Brain: Towards an Optimal Control TheoryPublication . Gomes, OrlandoRecent literature on individual decision-making emphasizes the idea that the brain functions as an organization, with the allocation of resources to the development of different cognitive tasks occurring via an agency relation across distinct brain systems. In this note, the mentioned view on the deliberative process of the human mind is extended to a dynamic optimization setting. Meaningful results, concerning the long-term allocation of cognitive resources, are derived.
- Ajustamentos salariais durante a Grande RecessãoPublication . Martins, Fernando; Portugal, PedroNeste ensaio serão apresentados desenvolvimentos recentes sobre a distribuição dos salários em Portugal. O comportamento dos salários nominais espelha o efeito duma severa contração da atividade económica que teve, sobretudo tradução num assinalável aumento das variações salariais nominais nulas (congelamentos salariais). As consequências da deflação salarial reprimida poderão condicionar decisivamente a evolução futura do mercado de trabalho português.
- Algumas notas sobre a exigibilidade do IVA nas prestações de serviçosPublication . Palma, Clotilde CeloricoNeste artigo fazemos algumas reflexões sobre a exigibilidade do Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado nas prestações de serviços, de acordo com a jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia.
- Alignment of Islamic Banking Sustainability Indicators with Sustainable Development Goals: Policy Recommendations for Addressing the COVID-19 PandemicPublication . Jan, Amin; Mata, Mário Nuno; Albinsson, Pia; Moleiro Martins, José; Hassan, Rusni BtThis study aims to establish the link of key Islamic banking sustainability indicators with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) as a policy recommendation for sustainable development and to mitigate the distressing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the triple bottom line (people, planet, and profit). To identify the key Islamic banking sustainability indicators, the authors selected the most cited sustainability measurement indexes in Islamic banking. Initially, the indexes were divided into 10 broader themes, and then the key Islamic banking sustainability indicators were shortlisted from each theme based on their high-frequency distribution. The shortlisted sustainability indicators were then ratified to be in line with Islamic philosophy based on “Maqasid al-Shariah” (objectives of Shariah) and were subsequently grouped into the three dimensions of economic, environmental, and social sustainability based on the axial coding method. Finally, the categorized sustainability indicators were aligned with the relevant UN SDGs through the axial coding method for policy formulation, and respectively 12 propositions were developed for policy formulation. This study labeled the methodological process of this study as the ECA method (exploration, categorization, alignment). The new ECA method offers a reverse extension in the “SDG compass” developed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) for aligning business policies with the UN SDGs. The process of aligning Islamic banking sustainability indicators with the UN SDGs will provide a roadmap to recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of economic, environmental, and social issues. Due to the diversity of the UN SDG framework, it covers multiples aspects for sustainable development. Therefore, considering the UN SDGs in terms of various banking instruments will mitigate the multiple distressing impacts of COVID-19 on the triple bottom line (people, planet, and profit), it will also promote a sustainable development agenda.
- An Analysis Of Cultural Differences Based On The Replacement Project Of IAS 39: Financial Instruments – Recognition And MeasurementPublication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, Joaquín; Carvalho, Cláudia Daniela Ferreira da MotaThe accounting culture of individual countries is frequently considered as an obstacle to complete accounting harmonization. This study intends to analyze the differences in terms of culture based on the respondents’ participation in the issuing/change process of the standards of the International Accounting Standard Board (Iasb). Therefore, the comment letters sent to the Iasb where analyzed in the context of the first part of the replacement process of the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39: Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement by the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9. The respondent countries were identified in function of the classification proposed by Gray (1988). Next, the collected data were submitted to the non-parametric chi-square test. The results of this study evidence the existence of cultural differences in the responses obtained from the countries, particularly in the context of the accounting value of conservatism, without identifying evidences of these differences for the values of secrecy, professionalism and uniformity. Thus, it is concluded that the countries classified as conservative prefer more conservative measuring practices, based, namely, on the cost or amortized cost, to the detriment of fair value-based measuring criteria. These study results are intended to support decision making by international standard setters and the national entities responsible for subscribing to these standards.
- An Analysis of Differences in Terms of Professional Interests Based on the Project to Replace IAS 39Publication . Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Albuquerque, Fábio; Texeira Quirós, Joaquín; Carvalho, Cláudia Daniela Ferreira da MotaThe professional interests of the various stakeholders groups are often seen as obstacles to full accounting harmonization. Studying different professional interests in the accounting domain is significant for organizations involved in the international accounting harmonization process, insofar as it enables them to identify the main obstacles to face in order to achieve full harmonization. Thus, this article is aimed at analyzing the differences in terms of professional interests by addressing the participation of various stakeholders groups in the process of issuing/modifying standards of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Based on content analysis, we examined the comment letters sent to the IASB in the context of the first part of the first phase of the project to replace the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39, entitled “Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement”, by the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9, on its turn entitled “Financial Instruments”. Respondents were identified according to the stakeholders group, and, later, the collected data underwent a nonparametric chi-square test. The results of this study indicate there are significant differences between the answers obtained from the various stakeholders groups involved in the process of issuing or reviewing a standard of the IASB, above all made clear between the group of financial preparers and the regulatory and/or standard-setting agencies and the professional associations related to accounting.
- An approach to absorptive capacity based on the Portuguese textile industryPublication . Franganito, Rui Manuel FialhoThe main purpose of this research is to identify the hidden knowledge and learning mechanisms in the organization in order to disclosure the tacit knowledge and transform it into explicit knowledge. Most firms usually tend to duplicate their efforts acquiring extra knowledge and new learning skills while forgetting to exploit the existing ones thus wasting one life time resources that could be applied to increase added value within the firm overall competitive advantage. This unique value in the shape of creation, acquisition, transformation and application of learning and knowledge is not disseminated throughout the individual, group and, ultimately, the company itself. This work is based on three variables that explain the behaviour of learning as the process of construction and acquisition of knowledge, namely internal social capital, technology and external social capital, which include the main attributes of learning and knowledge that help us to capture the essence of this symbiosis. Absorptive Capacity provides the right tool to explore this uncertainty within the firm it is possible to achieve the perfect match between learning skills and knowledge needed to support the overall strategy of the firm. This study has taken in to account a sample of the Portuguese textile industry and it is based on a multisectorial analysis that makes it possible a crossfunctional analysis to check on the validity of results in order to better understand and capture the dynamics of organizational behavior.
- An approach to absorptive capacity based on the Portuguese textile industry(Final version)Publication . Franganito, Rui Manuel FialhoThe main purpose of this research is to identify the hidden knowledge and learning mechanisms in the organization in order to disclosure the tacit knowledge and transform it into explicit knowledge. Most firms usually tend to duplicate their efforts acquiring extra knowledge and new learning skills while forgetting to exploit the existing ones thus wasting one life time resources that could be applied to increase added value within the firm overall competitive advantage. This unique value in the shape of creation, acquisition, transformation and application of learning and knowledge is not disseminated throughout the individual, group and, ultimately, the company itself. This work is based on three variables that explain the behaviour of learning as the process of construction and acquisition of knowledge, namely internal social capital, technology and external social capital, which include the main attributes of learning and knowledge that help us to capture the essence of this symbiosis. Absorptive Capacity provides the right tool to explore this uncertainty within the firm it is possible to achieve the perfect match between learning skills and knowledge needed to support the overall strategy of the firm. This study has taken in to account a sample of the Portuguese textile industry and it is based on a multisectorial analysis that makes it possible a crossfunctional analysis to check on the validity of results in order to better understand and capture the dynamics of organizational behavior.
- An examination of the Portuguese banking sector crisisPublication . Pereira, Vítor; Filipe, JoséThe purpose of this research is to analyse the trends in data from monetary financial institutions (MFIs) in Portugal compared to the Euro Area. The analysis principally focuses on the period after the subprime crisis, which started in 2007 in the USA. Moreover, this article exposes some interesting data about corporate governance in Portuguese banks (e.g. governance model, gender, board dimension, executive compensation, board members’ qualifications). Of particular note is the fact that after the bail-out of Portugal in 2011, the Portuguese banking system started a process of downsizing evidenced not only by the reduction in the number of branches but also cuts to human resources. In terms of board characteristics, it is evident that the majority of Portuguese banks use the Latin model of corporate governance. Furthermore, only a small number of Portuguese banks are listed (a total of three were registered). Another aspect of note is the limited presence of women on boards of directors.