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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução – Sono e nutrição são pilares fundamentais para os atletas de culturismo. A sua inadequada recuperação, associada a uma má qualidade de sono e a um incorreto plano nutricional, prejudica a sua performance desportiva. Objetivos – Verificar se o treino e os hábitos alimentares num culturista afetam a qualidade de sono, assim como avaliar se esta se modifica ao longo da preparação da prova, na pré e pós-competição. Método – Avaliaram-se 10 atletas de culturismo (70% homens e 30% mulheres), entre 25 e 41 anos, sem presença de historial clínico relevante. A avaliação de sono foi realizada através do Índice de Qualidade de Pittsburgh do Sono e os hábitos alimentares através de um questionário para determinar o plano nutricional e de treino. Os atletas foram avaliados em quatro momentos: pré-competição (1.ª, 6.ª e 12.ª semanas) e na pós-competição. Resultados – Verificou-se significância estatística entre a intensidade dos treinos e a qualidade do sono (W=0,005), bem como entre esta e o número de calorias ingeridas (p<0,0001), sendo a sua média na 1.ª, 6.ª e 12.ª semanas e pós-competição, de 4320,00±1100,303; 3040,00±756,013; 1890,00±5914 quilocalorias (Kcal) e sem restrição calórica. Relativamente ao Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh verificou-se uma média de 7,90±2,846; 7,10±3,178; 9,60±4,326 e 6,00±3,300, respetivamente (valores superiores a seis sugerem má qualidade de sono), e à intensidade dos treinos de 10,40±2,459 com um valor máximo de 12 e um mínimo de seis (horas/semana). Discussão – Através desta amostra demonstrou-se uma predominância de atletas com má qualidade de sono. Observou-se uma relação estatisticamente significativa quando comparada a qualidade de sono com a intensidade dos treinos e o número de calorias ingeridas pelos atletas; demonstrou-se que, à medida que ocorre o aumento da intensidade do treino e a maior restrição calórica, o sono vai diminuindo na sua qualidade. A literatura refere inúmeros fatores que influenciam negativamente a qualidade do sono destes atletas que, por sua vez, interferem na sua recuperação física e psicológica. Conclusão – A maioria da amostra apresentou elevados valores do PSQI sugestivos de má qualidade e distúrbios do sono, principalmente na fase de pré-competição.
ABSTRACT: Introduction – Sleep and nutrition are fundamental pillars for bodybuilding athletes. Their inadequate recovery, associated with poor sleep quality and an incorrect nutritional plan, affects their sports performance. Objectives – To verify whether training and eating habits in a bodybuilder affect the quality of sleep, as well as to assess whether this changes during the preparation of the competition, both pre and post-competition. Methods – Ten bodybuilding athletes (70% men and 30% women), between 25 and 41 years, without the presence of relevant clinical history. Sleep assessment was through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and nutrition through a questionnaire to determine the nutritional and training plan. Athletes were evaluated in four moments: pre-competition (1st, 6th, and 12th week) and post-competition. Results – Statistical significance was found between training intensity and sleep quality (W=0.005), as well as between this and the number of calories ingested (p<0.0001), with the average being in the 1st, 6th, and 12th week and post-competition, from 4320.00±1100.303; 3040.00±756.013; 1890.00±5914 kilocalories (Kcal) and without caloric restriction. Regarding the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, there was an average of 7.90±2.846; 7.10±3.178; 9.60±4.326 and 6.00±3.300, respectively (values above six suggest poor sleep quality), and the intensity of training was 10.40±2.459, with a maximum value of 12 and a minimum of six (hours/week). Discussion – Through this sample, a predominance of athletes with poor sleep quality was demonstrated. A statistically significant relationship was observed when comparing the quality of sleep with the intensity of training and the number of calories ingested by the athletes, it was shown that as the intensity of training increases and greater caloric restriction occurs, sleep will decrease in its quality. The literature highlights numerous factors that negatively influence the sleep quality of these athletes, which, in turn, interfere with their physical and psychological recovery. Conclusion – Most of the sample exhibited high PSQI values suggestive of poor quality and sleep disorders, especially in the pre-competition phase.
ABSTRACT: Introduction – Sleep and nutrition are fundamental pillars for bodybuilding athletes. Their inadequate recovery, associated with poor sleep quality and an incorrect nutritional plan, affects their sports performance. Objectives – To verify whether training and eating habits in a bodybuilder affect the quality of sleep, as well as to assess whether this changes during the preparation of the competition, both pre and post-competition. Methods – Ten bodybuilding athletes (70% men and 30% women), between 25 and 41 years, without the presence of relevant clinical history. Sleep assessment was through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and nutrition through a questionnaire to determine the nutritional and training plan. Athletes were evaluated in four moments: pre-competition (1st, 6th, and 12th week) and post-competition. Results – Statistical significance was found between training intensity and sleep quality (W=0.005), as well as between this and the number of calories ingested (p<0.0001), with the average being in the 1st, 6th, and 12th week and post-competition, from 4320.00±1100.303; 3040.00±756.013; 1890.00±5914 kilocalories (Kcal) and without caloric restriction. Regarding the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, there was an average of 7.90±2.846; 7.10±3.178; 9.60±4.326 and 6.00±3.300, respectively (values above six suggest poor sleep quality), and the intensity of training was 10.40±2.459, with a maximum value of 12 and a minimum of six (hours/week). Discussion – Through this sample, a predominance of athletes with poor sleep quality was demonstrated. A statistically significant relationship was observed when comparing the quality of sleep with the intensity of training and the number of calories ingested by the athletes, it was shown that as the intensity of training increases and greater caloric restriction occurs, sleep will decrease in its quality. The literature highlights numerous factors that negatively influence the sleep quality of these athletes, which, in turn, interfere with their physical and psychological recovery. Conclusion – Most of the sample exhibited high PSQI values suggestive of poor quality and sleep disorders, especially in the pre-competition phase.
Description
Keywords
Culturismo Sono Nutrição Atletas Treinos Competição Bodybuilding Sleep Nutrition Athletes Training Competition
Citation
Bártolo M, Carvalho L, Rodrigues F, Coelho P, Pires J. Qualidade do sono e estado nutricional em culturistas (pré e pós-competição). Saúde & Tecnologia. 2023;(28):47-54.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa