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As crianças precisam de tédio: a descoberta das potencialidades dos materiais de fim aberto em contexto de pré-escolar
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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório final emerge no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Prática Profissional Supervisionada II, inserida no último semestre do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar da Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa. Considerado um documento reflexivo, caracterizador da prática pedagógica desenvolvida, numa sala de jardim de infância de 30 setembro de 2024 a 24 de janeiro de 2025, pretendo descrever, fundamentar, e analisar a minha prática desenvolvida neste contexto educativo, especificamente, a caracterização do contexto educativo e dos respetivos intervenientes, as intenções definidas para a prática, a investigação desenvolvida e, consequentemente, a construção da minha profissionalidade enquanto futura educadora de infância. O contacto das crianças com materiais com um único prepósito, como é o caso dos brinquedos, mostra-se muito presente no dia a dia das crianças. A utilização de materiais de fim aberto é considerada, por muitos, uma potencial alternativa para este uso, por vezes excessivo. O presente estudo procura (i) compreender as conceções dos adultos acerca dos materiais de fim aberto, da sua importância, das suas potencialidades e fragilidades; (ii) identificar as diferentes formas de exploração e manipulação de materiais de fim aberto, nas brincadeiras das crianças; (iii) compreender o impacto dos materiais de fim aberto no desenvolvimento da criatividade da criança. Para dar resposta aos objetivos definidos, realizou-se um estudo de natureza qualitativa, especificamente um estudo de caso num grupo de pré-escolar com idades compreendidas entre os quatro e os seis anos. Como técnicas e processos de recolha de dados, recorreu-se à entrevista semiestruturada à educadora e à auxiliar de ação educativa, à entrevista em grupo focal (focus grupo) e à observação direta do grupo de crianças, retratada através de notas de campo e grelhas de observação. Após a análise dos dados, compreendeu-se que a utilização de materiais de fim aberto contribui de forma significativa para o desenvolvimento holístico da criança, destacando-se a capacidade criativa, contrariando os efeitos prejudiciais dos materiais com um propósito único. Enquanto principais intervenientes no dia-a-dia de cada criança, o adulto apresenta um papel único na criação de ambientes propícios à manipulação, por parte das crianças, de materiais de fim aberto.
This final report emerges within the scope of the Supervised Professional Practice II Curricular Unit, included in the last semester of the Master's Degree in Preschool Education at the Lisbon School of Education. Considered a reflective document, characterizing the pedagogical practice developed, in a kindergarten classroom from September 30, 2024 to January 24, 2025, I intend to describe, substantiate, and analyze my practice developed in this educational context, specifically, the characterization of the educational context and its intervenients, the intentions defined for the practice, the research developed and, consequently, the construction of my professionalism as a future kindergarten teacher. Children's contact with materials with a single purpose, such as toys, is very present in children's daily lives. The use of open-ended materials is considered by many to be a potential alternative to this sometimes excessive use. The present study seeks to (i) understand adults’ conceptions about open-ended materials, their importance, their strengths and weaknesses; (ii) identify the different ways of exploring and manipulating open-ended materials in children's play; (iii) understand the impact of open-ended materials on the development of children’s creativity. To meet the defined objectives, a qualitative study was carried out, specifically a case study in a preschool group aged between four and six years. As data collection techniques and processes, semi-structured interviews with the teacher and the educational action assistant, focus group interviews and direct observation of the group of children, portrayed through field notes and observation grids, were used. After analyzing the data, it was understood that the use of open-ended materials contributes significantly to the holistic development of the child, highlighting creative capacity, counteracting the harmful effects of materials with a single purpose. As the main actors in each child's daily life, adults play a unique role in creating environments that are conducive to children's handling of open-ended materials.
This final report emerges within the scope of the Supervised Professional Practice II Curricular Unit, included in the last semester of the Master's Degree in Preschool Education at the Lisbon School of Education. Considered a reflective document, characterizing the pedagogical practice developed, in a kindergarten classroom from September 30, 2024 to January 24, 2025, I intend to describe, substantiate, and analyze my practice developed in this educational context, specifically, the characterization of the educational context and its intervenients, the intentions defined for the practice, the research developed and, consequently, the construction of my professionalism as a future kindergarten teacher. Children's contact with materials with a single purpose, such as toys, is very present in children's daily lives. The use of open-ended materials is considered by many to be a potential alternative to this sometimes excessive use. The present study seeks to (i) understand adults’ conceptions about open-ended materials, their importance, their strengths and weaknesses; (ii) identify the different ways of exploring and manipulating open-ended materials in children's play; (iii) understand the impact of open-ended materials on the development of children’s creativity. To meet the defined objectives, a qualitative study was carried out, specifically a case study in a preschool group aged between four and six years. As data collection techniques and processes, semi-structured interviews with the teacher and the educational action assistant, focus group interviews and direct observation of the group of children, portrayed through field notes and observation grids, were used. After analyzing the data, it was understood that the use of open-ended materials contributes significantly to the holistic development of the child, highlighting creative capacity, counteracting the harmful effects of materials with a single purpose. As the main actors in each child's daily life, adults play a unique role in creating environments that are conducive to children's handling of open-ended materials.
Description
Relatório de Prática Profissional Supervisionada apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar
Keywords
Criatividade Desenvolvimento holístico Materiais de fim aberto Papel do adulto Adult role Creativity Holistic development Open-ended materials
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Oliveira, A. F. A. (2025). As crianças precisam de tédio: a descoberta das potencialidades dos materiais de fim aberto em contexto de pré-escolar [Dissertação de mestrado, Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa]. Repositório Institucional do Politécnico de Lisboa http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/22167