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Publication
Avaliação do potencial da utilização de solos marginais em Portugal para o crescimento de plantas energéticas regadas com águas residuais tratadas
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Authors
Abstract(s)
O planeta enfrenta importantes constrangimentos que carecem de resolução urgente, nomeadamente ao nível da segurança energética, segurança alimentar, escassez de água e alterações climáticas. Neste contexto, a produção de energia limpa, como os biocombustíveis a partir de culturas energéticas, destaca-se como estratégia alternativa aos combustíveis fósseis. O caminho para a sustentabilidade do planeta deve reconhecer a interdependência entre os recursos a eles associados: água, alimentos e energia. É importante garantir que a produção das culturas industriais para biocombustíveis não represente uma ameaça à obtenção de alimentos para consumo humano e animal, competindo por terra ou água. Portugal regista uma área cada vez maior de terras sem aptidão agrícola, consideradas marginais, e detém já um significativo número de Estações de Tratamento de Água Residual (ETAR) com tratamento adequado para rega de culturas energéticas. A conjugação destes dois recursos representa um potencial impulso para a produção de biomassa para biocombustíveis. Com recurso ao software ArcGIS procedeu-se ao cruzamento de informação sobre solos marginais, solos não cultiváveis e ETAR localizados em território nacional. O tratamento destes dados permitiu aferir que, aproximadamente, 80% das ETAR com tratamento adequado para rega de culturas energéticas encontram-se localizadas em solos marginais ou nas suas imediações, possibilitando a rega de culturas energéticas numa área de 2 449 km2. Por outro lado, pelo estudo de um segundo cenário, concluiu-se que 7 146 km2 de solos marginais são susceptíveis de ser irrigados com águas residuais tratadas (ART) provenientes de ETAR com tratamento secundário. A produtividade do conjunto de culturas energéticas selecionadas com base no projeto MAGIC - Marginal Lands for Growing Industrial Crops, para as áreas calculadas, encontra-se entre os 82 670 t/ano de matéria seca e os 1 014 026 t/ano de matéria seca, permitindo a produção de energia entre 1 426 244 868 MJ/ano e 17 745 454 802 MJ/ano.
Abstract The planet faces important constraints that require urgent resolution, particularly in terms of energy security, food security, water scarcity and climate change. In this context, the production of clean energy, such as biofuels from energy crops, stands out as an alternative strategy to fossil fuels. The path to the planet's sustainability must recognize the interdependence between the resources associated with them: water, food and energy. It is important to ensure that the production of industrial crops for biofuel production does not pose a threat to obtaining food for human and animal consumption, competing for land or water. Portugal has an increasing area of land without agricultural potential, considered marginal, and already has a considerable number of Wastewater Treatment Stations (WWTP) with adequate treatment for irrigating energy crops. The combination of these two resources represents a potential boost to produce biomass for biofuels. Using the ArcGIS software, information on marginal soils, uncultivated soils and WWTP located in the national territory was crossed. The treatment of these data allowed to assess that approximately 80% of the WWTP with adequate treatment for irrigation of energy crops are in marginal soils or in their vicinity, allowing the irrigation of energy crops in an area of 2 449 km2. On the other hand, the study of a second scenario concluded that 7 146 km2 of marginal soils are likely to be irrigated with treated wastewater from WWTP with secondary treatment. The productivity of the set of energy crops selected based on the MAGIC - Marginal Lands for Growing Industrial Crops project, for the calculated areas, is between 82 670 t/year of dry matter and 1 014 026 t/year of dry matter, allowing energy production between 1 426 244 868 MJ/year and 17 745 454 802 MJ/year.
Abstract The planet faces important constraints that require urgent resolution, particularly in terms of energy security, food security, water scarcity and climate change. In this context, the production of clean energy, such as biofuels from energy crops, stands out as an alternative strategy to fossil fuels. The path to the planet's sustainability must recognize the interdependence between the resources associated with them: water, food and energy. It is important to ensure that the production of industrial crops for biofuel production does not pose a threat to obtaining food for human and animal consumption, competing for land or water. Portugal has an increasing area of land without agricultural potential, considered marginal, and already has a considerable number of Wastewater Treatment Stations (WWTP) with adequate treatment for irrigating energy crops. The combination of these two resources represents a potential boost to produce biomass for biofuels. Using the ArcGIS software, information on marginal soils, uncultivated soils and WWTP located in the national territory was crossed. The treatment of these data allowed to assess that approximately 80% of the WWTP with adequate treatment for irrigation of energy crops are in marginal soils or in their vicinity, allowing the irrigation of energy crops in an area of 2 449 km2. On the other hand, the study of a second scenario concluded that 7 146 km2 of marginal soils are likely to be irrigated with treated wastewater from WWTP with secondary treatment. The productivity of the set of energy crops selected based on the MAGIC - Marginal Lands for Growing Industrial Crops project, for the calculated areas, is between 82 670 t/year of dry matter and 1 014 026 t/year of dry matter, allowing energy production between 1 426 244 868 MJ/year and 17 745 454 802 MJ/year.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia da Qualidade e Ambiente
Keywords
Biocombustíveis Solos marginais Águas residuais tratadas Estações de tratamento de água residual Culturas energéticas Biofuels Marginal soils Treated wastewater Wastewater Treatment Stations Energy crops