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Publication
Monitorização do ruído no porto de Lisboa
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Abstract(s)
De acordo com a OMS o ruído é o segundo indicador ambiental com maior impacto na saúde pública. O ruído ambiente elevado tem um grande impacto na saúde, não só ao nível da audição mas principalmente ao nível de perturbações fisiológicas e psicológicas, nomeadamente perturbando o descanso e causando incómodo. As populações nem sempre valorizam estas perturbações que prejudicam a sua qualidade de vida social e laboral. A atual legislação do ruído em Portugal considera o ruído urbano como uma variável ao nível do planeamento com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida das populações nas áreas urbanas. Esta legislação, transposta das Diretivas Europeias, considera a influência das Grandes Infraestruturas de Transportes no ruído mas não contempla a via marítima e os portos. Em Portugal ainda não existem estudos sobre ruído em portos, pelo que o caso de estudo abordou o ruído no Porto de Lisboa, ao redor do qual a cidade se foi desenvolvendo. Durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foram realizadas três campanhas de medições de som no Cais de Santa Apolónia. As medições foram realizadas com smartphones dado a capacidade de aquisição de dados e capacidade de cálculo destes equipamentos. Na literatura são descritas várias medições realizadas anteriormente com bastante fiabilidade utilizando smartphones.
As três campanhas, foram realizadas em locais diferentes do porto para avaliar diferentes fontes sonoras. Foram campanhas longas e com medições em contínuo. Os dados foram recolhidos em modo de medição dB(A) em simultâneo com modo de medição dB(C). Foi acompanhado o volume de navios em operações de carga/descarga no porto. Na primeira campanha registaram-se valores de Lden entre 64,1 dB(A) e 83,9 dB(A). Na segunda campanha os valores de Lden variaram entre 61,1 dB(A) e 70,0 dB(A). Na última campanha as variações de Lden foram de 65,1 dB(A) a 70,2 dB(A). De salientar que as diferenças entre as
medidas em modo dB(A) e dB(C) foram, em média, 10,5 dB na primeira campanha, 11,6 dB na segunda e 9,5 dB na terceira campanha. Foram avaliados os dados de medição de ruído para os valores limites estabelecidos na legislação: indicador de ruído em período noturno – Ln e indicador em período diurno-entardecer noturno – Lden. Nos treze dias da primeira campanha, os valores medidos cumpriram o limite de Lden apenas num dia, nunca cumprindo o limite Ln durante a campanha. Na segunda campanha os valores medidos cumpriram o limite Lden em sete dos dez dias, cumprindo o limite Ln em dois dos dez dias da campanha. Na terceira campanha os valores medidos nunca cumpriram o limite Lden e cumpriram o limite Ln em quatro dos sete dias. Com este trabalho ficou evidenciado o comportamento sonoro do terminal da Sotagus do Porto de Lisboa. Durante os trinta dias das campanhas realizadas em três locais distintos do terminal, o limite diurno-entardecer-noturno só foi cumprido em oito dos trinta dias (27 %) e, só em seis dos trinta dias das campanhas se cumpriu o limite noturno (20 %) dos dias considerados.
Abstract According to the OMS, noise is the second environmental indicator with the greatest impact on public health. High ambient noise has a great impact on health, not only in terms of hearing but mainly in terms of physiological and psychological disturbances, namely disturbing rest and causing discomfort. Populations do not always value these disturbances that impair their quality of social and working life. The current noise legislation in Portugal considers urban noise as a variable at the planning level with the aim of improving the quality of life of populations in urban areas. This legislation transposed from European Directives considers the influence of Major Transport Infrastructures on noise but does not cover the sea and ports. In Portugal, there are still no studies on noise in ports, so the case study addressed the noise in the Port of Lisbon, around which the city developed. During the development of this work, three sound measurement campaigns were carried out at the Santa Apolónia Pier. The measurements were carried out with smartphones considering their capabilities of acquiring and processing data. In previous studies a considerable amount of measurements were taken with great reliability using smartphones. The three campaigns were carried out at different locations in the port to evaluate different sound sources. The campaigns were carried out in a long period of time with continuous measurements. Data was collected in dB(A) measurement mode at the same time as dB(C) measurement mode. The volume of ships in loading/unloading operations at the port was monitored. In the first campaign, Lden values between 64.1 dB(A) and 83.9 dB(A) were recorded. In the second campaign, Lden values ranged between 61.1 dB(A) and 70.0 dB(A). In the last campaign the Lden variations were from 65.1 dB(A) to 70.2 dB(A). It should be noted that the differences between the measurements in dB(A) and dB(C) mode were, on average, 10.5 dB in the first campaign, 11.6 dB in the second and 9.5 dB in the third campaign. Noise measurement data were evaluated for the limit values established in the legislation: noise indicator at nighttime – Ln and indicator during daytime-evening-night period – Lden. In the thirteen days of the first campaign, the measured values only met the Lden limit in one day, never meeting the Ln limit during the campaign. In the second campaign, the measured values fulfilled the Lden limit on seven of the ten days, fulfilling the Ln limit on two of the ten days of the campaign. In the third campaign, the measured values never met the Lden limit and met the Ln limit on four of the seven days. With this work, the sound behavior of the Sotagus terminal in Port of Lisbon became evident. During the thirty days of the campaigns carried out in three different locations of the terminal, the daytime-evening-night limit was only met on eight of the thirty days (27 %) and, only on six of the thirty days of the campaigns was the nighttime limit met (20 %) of the days considered.
Abstract According to the OMS, noise is the second environmental indicator with the greatest impact on public health. High ambient noise has a great impact on health, not only in terms of hearing but mainly in terms of physiological and psychological disturbances, namely disturbing rest and causing discomfort. Populations do not always value these disturbances that impair their quality of social and working life. The current noise legislation in Portugal considers urban noise as a variable at the planning level with the aim of improving the quality of life of populations in urban areas. This legislation transposed from European Directives considers the influence of Major Transport Infrastructures on noise but does not cover the sea and ports. In Portugal, there are still no studies on noise in ports, so the case study addressed the noise in the Port of Lisbon, around which the city developed. During the development of this work, three sound measurement campaigns were carried out at the Santa Apolónia Pier. The measurements were carried out with smartphones considering their capabilities of acquiring and processing data. In previous studies a considerable amount of measurements were taken with great reliability using smartphones. The three campaigns were carried out at different locations in the port to evaluate different sound sources. The campaigns were carried out in a long period of time with continuous measurements. Data was collected in dB(A) measurement mode at the same time as dB(C) measurement mode. The volume of ships in loading/unloading operations at the port was monitored. In the first campaign, Lden values between 64.1 dB(A) and 83.9 dB(A) were recorded. In the second campaign, Lden values ranged between 61.1 dB(A) and 70.0 dB(A). In the last campaign the Lden variations were from 65.1 dB(A) to 70.2 dB(A). It should be noted that the differences between the measurements in dB(A) and dB(C) mode were, on average, 10.5 dB in the first campaign, 11.6 dB in the second and 9.5 dB in the third campaign. Noise measurement data were evaluated for the limit values established in the legislation: noise indicator at nighttime – Ln and indicator during daytime-evening-night period – Lden. In the thirteen days of the first campaign, the measured values only met the Lden limit in one day, never meeting the Ln limit during the campaign. In the second campaign, the measured values fulfilled the Lden limit on seven of the ten days, fulfilling the Ln limit on two of the ten days of the campaign. In the third campaign, the measured values never met the Lden limit and met the Ln limit on four of the seven days. With this work, the sound behavior of the Sotagus terminal in Port of Lisbon became evident. During the thirty days of the campaigns carried out in three different locations of the terminal, the daytime-evening-night limit was only met on eight of the thirty days (27 %) and, only on six of the thirty days of the campaigns was the nighttime limit met (20 %) of the days considered.
Description
Keywords
Ruído Porto de Lisboa Smartphone Microfone externo SPLnFFT Noise Port of Lisbon External microphone