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- Personality traits and organizational performance of Portuguese higher education institutionsPublication . Mucharreira, Pedro Ribeiro; Antunes, Marina Godinho; Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínThis research aims to study the role that managers’ personality traits have in the decision-making proccess and their relationship on the performance outcomes of Portuguese higher education institutions (HEIs), through a literature review that supports the presentation of a research model proposed by the authors. Nowadays, organizations in general and their managers are increasingly pressured to achieve certain goals and levels of performance to ensure the financial sustainability of their institutions and to remain competitive in the markets. Sometimes these goals are somewhat ambitious and difficult to achieve, which means that decision-makers must have certain personality traits to show resistance and resilience in dealing with obstacles and strengthen their capacity to solve problems in the adversities that arise in the day to day business. This research proposal assumes that the personality traits of managers, namely extroversion, pleasantness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to experience, will have a relevant impact on decision making, which will be reflected in organizational performance. The literature on personality traits is broad, focusing particularly on the analysis of the relationships between the characteristics of managers and their attitudes and behaviors in a professional context. In methodological terms, a qualitative study is expected to be carried out, using uantitative techniques. The data related to personality traits and leadership styles will be obtained through the application of a questionnaire prepared by the authors, in order to assess the different dimensions of the proposed conceptual model. Regarding the organizational performance indicators of HEIs, these will be obtained using a database of a research project developed by the authors. The sample will be for convenience, composed of elements of the executive boards of Portuguese universities and polytechnic institutes, from the public and private sector. In the treatment of quantitative data, the use of the structural equations model (SEM) is considered, to investigate the possible relationships between the different dimensions incorporated in the model.
- The Role of TQM, innovation and internationalization strategies on the financial sustainability of higher education institutions (HEIS)Publication . Antunes, Marina Godinho; Mucharreira, Pedro Ribeiro; Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínThis research aims to study the role that Total Quality Management (TQM), innovation and internationalization strategies may have on the financial sustainability of Portuguese higher education institutions (HEIs), through a literature review that supports the presentation of a research model proposed by the authors. This research is justified by the observation of a reality still relatively little studied at the level of higher education institutions, not only in Portugal, but also in other countries, particularly regarding the prospect of financial sustainability, in line with the growing relevance that quality and innovation strategies have been taken in these institutions. Undoubtedly, also the perspective of internationalization is something that currently HEIs cannot ignore at all if they want to be considered competitive and innovative in the academic world. Increasingly, international rankings that follow strict criteria for assessing the quality, innovation and scientific research of HEIs have assumed paramount importance in the analysis of the performance of these institutions. Education, and particularly education provided in HEIs, is a resource of enormous value for the development of any society [1-2]. The literature has demonstrated that TQM practices are a powerful tool for improving organizational learning and increasing competitive advantage [3-4]. In addition to the importance of the quality of education in HEIS, emphasized through the implementation of TQM practices, this will be more easily achieved by considering organizational learning and organizational innovation to provide better services, not only to students, but also to the whole society. Despite the importance identified in the relationship between these different dimensions, the literature has also highlighted the fact that educational institutions, despite the growing recognition of their importance, are falling short of other organizations, concerning the implementation of practices leading to a culture of total quality. Regarding the methodology, the data will be obtained through the application of a questionnaire prepared by the authors, to evaluate the different dimensions of the proposed research model. The sample will be for convenience, consisting of about 200 emails from members of the management boards of Portuguese universities and polytechnics. In the treatment of quantitative data, the use of the multiple linear regression model is considered, to investigate the possible relationships between the different dimensions incorporated in the model. According to Hair et al. [6], it is a practical statistical tool that examines the linkages between a set of independent variables with a dependent variable. In this way, we consider this statistical method the most adequate for the development of our research. In terms of discussion of results, it is intended to characterize the various dimensions of the TQM, as well as the strategies of innovation and internationalization in the institutions of university and polytechnic higher education in Portugal, seeking to understand their role and possible relations with the financial sustainability of these institutions.
- The relevance of financial and non-financial indicators to assess quality and performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEI)Publication . Antunes, Marina Godinho; Mucharreira, Pedro Ribeiro; Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínIn today's era of globalization, higher education institutions (HEIs) face constant challenges. More and more competitive environments are emerging in the various markets and one of the main objectives that has assumed relevance in the scope of their activities is the creation of value for the institutions and their financial sustainability. HEIs performance has been changed significantly, once these educational institutions are now forced to look for new sources of funding, assuming more and more the characteristics of a competitive market. In this way, HEIs that want to assert themselves in the markets should focus on strategic objectives that ensure financial sustainability like any other organizations in other sectors. For this purpose, it will be necessary to know their business processes very well, adopting a management approach that allows them to evaluate their quality and performance, both in national and international markets. The institutions seek to improve their competitiveness by implementing management strategies oriented towards quality and financial sustainability, using performance measurement systems that include a wide variety of financial and non-financial measures [1]. The advantages of non-financial performance measures have been cited in the literature [2-4], highlighting that these measures focus particularly on a long-term perspective, leading to better organizational performance. These measures enable managers to better understand the relationships between the various strategic objectives, facilitate communication between employees' actions and defined goals, and assist in the allocation of resources and the definition of priorities, considering those strategic objectives. In this context, it is extremely important to identify performance indicators, both financial and non-financial, which allow the evaluation of HEIs in terms of quality and performance. Measuring the performance of organizational goals is a key issue in the management of HEIs because without these measurement systems, organizations will not be able to efficiently and effectively deal with the uncertainty related to the contexts in which they are inserted [5]. Following this evidence, this communication proposes a research model defined in two distinct stages. In the first stage, it is intended to define the financial and non-financial indicators considered most relevant in the evaluation of the quality and performance of HEIs. Consequently, this research proposal intends to develop a model of analysis of cause and effect relationship between these indicators and the referred dimensions. Regarding the methodology, the data will be obtained through the application of a questionnaire to evaluate the different dimensions of the proposed conceptual model. The sample will consist of about 200 emails from members of the management boards of Portuguese universities and polytechnics. In the treatment of quantitative data, a model of structural equations (SEM) will be used, to investigate the possible relations between the different dimensions incorporated in the model. In terms of discussion of results, it is intended to characterize the relevance of financial and non-financial indicators, seeking to understand their role and possible relations with the quality and performance of these institutions.
- Total Quality Management Implementation in Portuguese Higher Education InstitutionsPublication . Antunes, Marina Godinho; Mucharreira, Pedro Ribeiro; Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínThis research aims to study the role that the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) may have on organizational performance of Portuguese university and polytechnic higher education institutions, through a literature review that supports the presentation of a conceptual model proposed by the authors. This research is justified by the observation of a reality still relatively little studied at the level of higher education institutions, not only in Portugal but also in other countries, particularly about the perspective of their financial sustainability, in line with the growing relevance that quality has come to assume in these institutions. Regarding the methodology, a study of a qualitative nature is contemplated, although using quantitative techniques, being the data obtained through the application of a questionnaire elaborated by the authors to evaluate the different dimensions of the proposed conceptual model. In the treatment of quantitative data, a model of structural equations (SEM) will be used, to investigate the possible relations between the different dimensions incorporated in the model.
- Personality traits and organizational performance of Portuguese higher education institutionsPublication . Mucharreira, Pedro Ribeiro; Godinho Antunes, Marina; Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínThis research aims to study the role that managers' personality traits have in the decision making process and their relationship on the performance outcomes of Portuguese higher education institutions (HEIs), through a literature review that supports the presentation of a research model proposed by the authors. Nowadays, organizations in general and their managers are increasingly pressured to achieve certain goals and levels of performance to ensure the financial sustainability of their institutions and to remain competitive in the markets. Sometimes these goals are somewhat ambitious and difficult to achieve, which means that decision-makers must have certain personality traits to show resistance and resilience in dealing with obstacles and strengthen their capacity to solve problems in the adversities that arise in the day to day business. This research proposal assumes that the personality traits of managers, namely extroversion, pleasantness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to experience, will have a relevant impact on decision making, which will be reflected in organizational performance. With regard to the analysis of organizational performance, although assuming other indicators, particular emphasis will be placed on indicators related to teacher training and their research activities. The literature on personality traits is broad, focusing particularly on the analysis of the relationships between the characteristics of managers and their attitudes and behaviors in a professional context. In methodological terms, a qualitative study is expected to be carried out, using quantitative techniques. The data related to personality traits and leadership styles will be obtained through the application of a questionnaire prepared by the authors, in order to assess the different dimensions of the proposed conceptual model. Regarding the organizational performance indicators of HEIs, these will be obtained using a database of a research project developed by the authors. The sample will be for convenience, composed of elements of the executive boards of Portuguese universities and polytechnic institutes, from the public and private sector. In the treatment of quantitative data, the use of the structural equations model (SEM) is considered, to investigate the possible relationships between the different dimensions incorporated in the model.
- The relationship between learning organizations and organizational performance in Portuguese higher education institutions (HEI)Publication . Antunes, Marina Godinho; Mucharreira, Pedro Ribeiro; Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria Do Rosário; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínThis research aims to study the role that learning organizations may have on organizational performance in Portuguese higher education institutions (HEIs), through a literature review that supports the presentation of a conceptual model proposed by the authors. The survival of HEIs depends on how these institutions accept change, improve their practices and react to competitiveness. Nowadays, the most relevant aspects of education in higher education are translated by learning, dynamic structures, flexibility and quality. Consequently, the higher education system will have to adapt to the continuous changes and new requirements, to achieve the success and the proposed objectives. Thus, to differentiate themselves from their competitors, organizations must develop their resources, promoting the creation of knowledge and the dissemination of information. Learning organizations can be defined as organizations that facilitate the learning of all their elements, assuming themselves as learning entities that have certain characteristics to meet the changing needs of the environment. Currently, HEIs suffer great pressure to create significant learning environments, this is, learning spaces that can fully train their students, based on educational projects that take on and respond to the growing cultural, linguistic, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity of students, their families and their teachers [1-2]. An educational organization that intends to establish itself as a learning organization will have to consider multiple dimensions, such as the individual behaviour of different educational agents, teamwork and organizational culture, structured and fostered by factors such as trust, time, technology and joint reflection [3]. Learning organizations will be able to follow developments and improvements in the business environment to perform their actions successfully. Thus, one of the key goals of HEIs is to achieve academic excellence among students, and as such, need to transform into learning organizations and subsequently improve the overall performance of the organization. Organizational performance, on the other hand, has proved to be a difficult concept to define and even measure [4]. Among the existing studies about the performance, is possible to state that there isn’t a single criterion for defining the performance, which makes difficult to measure or compare the results. To overcome this ambiguity concerning the performance criterion, in this research will be considered three perspectives of performance, namely, financial, operational, and market performance. Regarding the methodology, the data will be obtained through a questionnaire to evaluate the different dimensions of the proposed conceptual model. The sample will consist of about 200 emails from members of the management boards of Portuguese HEIs. In the treatment of quantitative data, a model of structural equations (SEM) will be used, to investigate the possible relations between the different dimensions incorporated in the model. In terms of discussion of results, it is intended to characterize the relationship between the concept of learning organizations and performance in Portuguese HEI.
- A implementação da TQM nas instituições de ensino superior portuguesas - proposta de um modelo de investigaçãoPublication . Antunes, Marina Godinho; Mucharreira, Pedro Ribeiro; Texeira Fernandes Justino, Maria do Rosário; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínEsta investigação visa estudar o papel que a implementação da Total Quality Management (TQM) poderá ter no desempenho organizacional das instituições de ensino superior (IES) portuguesas, através de uma revisão de literatura que suporte a apresentação de um modelo conceptual, proposto pelos autores. A investigação justifica-se pela observação de uma realidade ainda relativamente pouco estudada ao nível das IES, não só em Portugal, mas também noutros países, particularmente no que respeita à perspetiva da sua sustentabilidade financeira. A educação, e particularmente a educação proporcionada nas IES, é um recurso de grande valor para o desenvolvimento de qualquer sociedade e o reconhecimento da qualidade da educação oferecida nas instituições é um elemento-chave na gestão das instituições de ensino superior. A literatura tem evidenciado que as práticas de TQM podem constituir-se como uma importante ferramenta para melhorar o desempenho organizacional e proporcionar vantagens competitivas. Apesar disso, a literatura também tem destacado o facto de que as instituições de ensino, apesar do crescente reconhecimento da sua importância, estão aquém em relação a outras organizações quanto à implementação de práticas conducentes a uma cultura de qualidade total. Em termos metodológicos, perspetiva-se a realização de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, com recurso a técnicas quantitativas. Os dados serão obtidos através da aplicação de um questionário elaborado pelos autores tendo em vista avaliar as diferentes dimensões do modelo conceptual proposto. A amostra será por conveniência, composta por cerca de 200 emails de membros das direções executivas das IES portuguesas. No que diz respeito ao tratamento dos dados, será utilizado o modelo de equações estruturais (SEM), tendo em vista investigar as possíveis relações entre as diferentes dimensões incorporadas no modelo. Pretende-se, assim, caracterizar as estratégias de implementação de práticas de TQM nas IES portuguesas e compreender o seu papel e possíveis relações com o desempenho organizacional.
- The role of management accounting indicators in performance assessment of Portuguese higher education institutionsPublication . Mucharreira, P. R.; Godinho Antunes, Marina; Justino, M; Texeira Quirós, JoaquínThe assessment of quality and performance in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is a multifaceted task, which needs a holistic approach that encompasses various dimensions. This article focuses on the role of some management accounting indicators, namely, the relevance of both financial and nonfinancial indicators when evaluating the quality and performance of HEIs. In today's era of globalization, HEIs continually grapple with ongoing challenges. Competitive landscapes are increasingly taking shape across various markets, elevating the creation of value and financial sustainability as critical objectives within their purview. HEIs performance has undergone significant transformation, given that these educational establishments are now compelled to seek alternative funding sources, aligning more closely with the characteristics of a competitive market. As such, HEIs aspiring to establish a strong presence in these markets must direct their attention toward strategic objectives that ensure financial sustainability, much like organizations in other sectors. For this purpose, HEIs must develop an in-depth understanding of their business processes, adopting a management approach that allows them to assess their quality and performance, both at the national and international levels. These institutions aim to bolster their competitiveness by implementing management strategies centered on quality and financial sustainability. These strategies incorporate performance measurement systems encompassing a wide array of financial and non-financial metrics. The literature highlights the advantages of nonfinancial performance measures, emphasizing their particular focus on long-term perspectives, which contribute to enhanced organizational performance. Such measures facilitate comprehension of the interplay between various strategic objectives, enhance communication between employee actions and defined goals, and aid in resource allocation and priority setting relative to those objectives. Regarding the methodology, the data were obtained through an online survey developed by the authors to evaluate the different dimensions of the proposed research model, using for this purpose a sample of convenience constituted by members of the management boards of Portuguese universities and polytechnics. In the treatment of quantitative data, a structural equation model (SEM) was used through the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), to investigate the possible relationships between the different dimensions incorporated in the model. The main conclusions of the study, considering the conceptions of the respondents, point towards that the use of financial indicators significantly improves the financial performance of HEIs (B=0.199, p=0.006) and, on the other hand, the use of non-financial indicators significantly improves the operational (B=0.487, p <0.001), financial (B=0.265, p <0.001) and market (B=0.479, p <0.001) performance of HEIs.