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- Joining by forming of additive manufactured 'mortise-and-tenon' jointsPublication . Silva, Diogo F. M.; Bragança, Ivo; Silva, Carlos; Alves, Luís; Martins, PauloThis article is aimed at extending the 'mortise-and-tenon' joining concept commonly utilized in corner or tee joints to lap joints in which one sheet is partially placed over another without any change in their shape. The approach makes use of wire arc additive manufacturing to fabricate the tenons and allows various shapes and thicknesses to be made from a wide range of metallic materials. Upset compression of the tenons is utilized to mechanically lock the two sheets being joined. Experimental and finite element simulation works performed with monolithic (aluminium-aluminium) and hybrid (aluminium-polymer) 'unit cells' consisting of a single lap joint are utilized to investigate the deformation mechanics and the feasibility of the new proposed joining process. Tensile-shear loading tests were carried out to determine the maximum force that the new proposed joints are capable to withstand without failure. Pull-out forces of approximately 8 and 6 kN for the monolithic and hybrid joints allow concluding on the potential of additive manufactured 'mortise-and-tenon' lap joints to connect sheets made from similar and dissimilar materials.
- A new joining by forming process to produce lap joints in metal sheetsPublication . Pragana, João; Silva, Carlos; Bragança, Ivo; Alves, Luís; Martins, PauloThis paper proposes a new joining by forming process to produce lap joints in metal sheets. The process combines partial cutting and bending with mechanical interlocking by sheet-bulk compression of tabs in the direction perpendicular to thickness. The lap joints are flat with all the plastically deforming material contained within the thickness of the two sheets partially placed over one another. The design of the lap joints is performed by a simple analytical model and the overall concept is validated by means of numerical modelling and experimentation. Destructive shear tests demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the new proposed lap joints. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of CIRP.
- Experimental and numerical study of the joinability of sheets by sheet-bulk formingPublication . Bragança, Ivo; Loja, Amélia; Silva, Carlos; Alves, Luís; Martins, PauloThe authors present an innovative mechanical joining process that allows to connect perpendicular sheets to one another. This study is focused on joining similar and dissimilar sheets, based on sheet-bulk forming technology, and it is supported by experimental data and numerical simulation. Destructive tensile tests of different joined materials were performed to determine the maximum force that the joints are capable to withstand without failure. The joining technique should be chosen according to the materials joint combination. The two-stages technique could be a valid option to overcome the clearance between the plastically deformed polycarbonate tenon and aluminium mortise.
- Joining metal-polymer sandwich composite sheets with mechanical nuggetsPublication . Baptista, Ricardo J. S.; Pragana, João; Bragança, Ivo; Silva, Carlos; Martins, PauloThis paper presents a new joining by forming process to produce lap joints in metal-polymer sandwich composite sheets. The process involves drilling a blind hole in each sheet for removing the upper metal skin and the polymer core layer, and fixing them together by compressing a metal insert placed in-between to obtain a form-fit mechanical nugget. The cross-section of the joint resembles that of resistance spot welding, with the cold formed insert ('nugget') hidden inside the sheets. The geometry and size of the inserts are analysed by finite elements and experimentation to determine the effectiveness and performance of the new joints.