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- The impact of retargeting on consumer well-being and purchase intentionPublication . Davidova, Evelina; Coelho Antunes, Ana CristinaIn this study, the authors approached retargeting. It consists of an analysis of products seen by the user, but not purchased, and with a mathematical algorithm, present advertising in real-time, based on their behavior on different online platforms, as well as measuring the impact produced by this advertising technique on consumers' well-being. They also tried to assess its influence on consumers' purchase intentions. Data were obtained from 427 individuals who participated voluntarily in an online questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested using a series of hierarchical regressions, Pearson's correlation test, T-test, ANOVA, and Chi-square. The outcome suggests that the consumer's awareness frequency, regarding the retargeting campaigns, does not have any influence – positive or negative – on the consumer's well-being. In the same line, the authors did not find any direct connection between the exposure frequency to retargeting campaigns and the consumers' purchase intentions. However, this investigation suggests that specific messages can influence, positively, the consumer's well-being.
- The role of social media influencers on the consumer decision-making processPublication . Coelho Antunes, Ana CristinaThe digital era has introduced many changes in the consumer marketplace. Social media and especially social networking sites redefined how consumers relate to and behave towards brands, as well as the brand-consumer relationship. Within this context and the heightened resistance to brand communication through traditional media, marketeers are turning to other strategies to connect with their customers and influence their consumer journey. One of these strategies is influencer marketing. In the last years, brands have used social media influencers as endorsers of their products and services, and as brand ambassadors. Digital influencers connect consumers and brands, strengthening their bond and allowing the brand to reach their target in a more natural way to influence the consumer buying process. In this chapter we will provide a narrative review on the role of digital influencers on the consumer decision processes.
- Media and multiple identities: Robert E. Park as precursor to intercultural communication theory and researchPublication . Subtil, Filipa; Garcia, José Luís de Oliveira; Leeds-Hurwitz, WendyRobert E. Park’s early study of foreign-language newspapers in urban centers hosting multiple immigrant groups deserves recognition as an important precursor to several current assumptions within intercultural communication, especially the move away from equating cultures with nations, and the possibility of simultaneously holding multiple identities. Park’s research on the media’s influence on identity construction contains theoretical contributions that remain highly relevant to a world increasingly configured by global media: in particular, on accepting complexity and the fact that individuals may and do simultaneously hold multiple and conflicting identities. Hence, beyond the nation-state, the appropriate unit of analysis became the ethnic group.
- Young adults’ (re)negotiation of gender and sexual identities across mobile apps in PortugalPublication . Alcaire, Rita; Santos, Sofia José; Subtil, FilipaStemming from a critical approach towards technology (understood as a producer of meanings, subjectivity and agency, and, thus, shaped by power relations) and taking into account the role of broader societal norms and structures in technological uses and gratifications, this chapter explores the (re)negotiations of gender and sexual identities among Portuguese young adult app users. It focuses on if app usage allows these users to break heterocisnormativity and hegemonic notions of masculinity. For that purpose, the study conducted six focus groups involving 31 participants and 25 semi-structured interviews with young adults (18–30 years old). The scripts were designed to collect data about mobile app usage practices and what meanings interviewees attribute to used platforms, navigating through imaginaries, meanings, appropriations, incorporations and mostly negotiations. Analytically, this study contributes to an enhanced understanding of how apps might change young adult lives concerning gender and sexual identities and to challenging uses and gratifications theory, which, after almost 80 years since its first formulations, has gained new impetus with the ongoing digitisation process and the so-called interactive technologies that integrate it.
- Journalists are prepared for critical situations … but we are not prepared for this: empirical and structural dimensions of gendered online HarassmentPublication . Sampaio-Dias, Susana; Silveirinha, Maria João; Garcez, Bibiana; Subtil, Filipa; Miranda, João; Cerqueira, CarlaThis article discusses online harassment against women journalists exploring self-reported incidents, effects, and trust in safety mechanisms. Drawing on twenty-five semi-structured interviews of women journalists in Portugal, we use a feminist and critical realist framework to explore the causal structures and generative mechanisms that explain their vulnerability to online abuse. We identify three overarching themes: increasing visibility in a context of higher hostility towards journalism and insufficient safety mechanisms; intersectional gender inequality and cultural mores that foster it; and (individual) responses to harassment. These themes show that women journalists’ actions are both constrained and enabled by existing structures and cultural attitudes. While they tend to deny harassment is caused by their gender, seeing it mainly because of their job, they admit the sexualised and gendered nature of the insults, seeing this as an added offence not experienced by their male counterparts. They also see harassment as a continuation of inequality and prevailing sexism and find the protection mechanisms insufficient and ineffective. As a result, they assume an extra burden of emotional labour to deal with online bullying, admitting self-censoring and the need to develop resilience strategies.
- Attitudes of european citizens towards climate change: a gender analysisPublication . Dos Santos, Maria José Palma Lampreia; Mata, F.The present paper analyses attitudes and perceptions regarding climate change (CC) among European citizens, emphasizing their pivotal role in fostering public engagement and endorsement towards the advancement of mitigatory measures and sustainable lifestyles in accordance with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. This study delves into the degree of concern among European citizens regarding CC and their inclination towards assuming personal accountability in its alleviation, scrutinizing these facets through the lens of gender attitudes. Utilizing data from the European Social Survey and information on attitudes and perceptions pertaining to CC, the analysis incorporates various variables encompassing socio-economic status, demographics, individual perceptions of societal dynamics, and governmental policies. Employing econometric methodologies, the results confirm that individuals exhibiting trust in scientific authority manifest heightened concerns towards CC. Moreover, those expressing contentment with national governance display augmented levels of concern regarding CC. Gender differentials are also discernible, with females exhibiting greater apprehension towards CC compared to males. Furthermore, advanced age and higher educational attainment correlate with heightened levels of CC concern. Additional findings indicate that females tend to exhibit greater proclivity towards assuming self-responsibility, while individuals harbouring trust in scientific authority evince heightened levels of personal accountability, particularly when content with economic stability and the efficacy of the country's healthcare system. Additionally, older individuals displaying trust in scientific expertise tend to exhibit greater proclivity towards assuming personal responsibility. The findings underscore the imperative of comprehending the gendered ramifications of climate change and advocating for collective endeavours to combat this pervasive global challenge.
- The hard way to tell the story: literacy challenges for media and news narrativesPublication . Bonacho, FernandaFor a long time already, we have been searching for the best ways to promote critical thought, bearing in mind, for example, the phenomenon of disinformation. Additionally, scholars and journalists have also long hoped that media education could positively tackle this challenge and enhance social goals such as political and civic engagement, particularly among youngsters. There is a consensus in the literature that the purpose of education, and specifically media literacy education, is to provide people with the habits of inquiry and skills of expression they need to be critical thinkers, effective communicators, and active citizens in the world. The goal of this paper is to introduce the way the “Academy for Reading the World: Journalism, Communication and I” promotes critical thinking, self-regulation, and communication as key competencies to develop information narratives, whilst selecting an interdisciplinary approach to media literacy in an immersive experience for young participants (14y-21y). We propose to show that knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values can be mobilized together with a reflexive approach to the learning process, to be able to deal with contemporary media-challenging contexts that insist on hindering reality readings.
- Jornalismo e investigação histórica: um cruzamento de saberesPublication . Gomes, Pedro MarquesA investigação histórica talvez não seja uma especialidade jornalística, mas escrever sobre o passado, sobretudo o mais distante, não é o mesmo que escrever sobre o presente. Um jornalista que investiga o passado enfrenta desafios que se somam aos de qualquer outra investigação. Desafios que têm que ver com as práticas, mas que se relacionam também com o domínio teórico, com um outro modo de olhar (ou outros modos de olhar), de interpretar, contextualizar e, portanto, de questionar e compreender o mundo.
- Fotojornalismo: o equilíbrio entre o mundo interior e exteriorPublication . Cardoso Lopes, FátimaExercer fotojornalismo corresponde à atividade de contar uma história ou representar visualmente um acontecimento, com todas as especificardes e complexidades que comunicar com imagem comporta. Não se trata, naturalmente, de uma especialidade, mas sim de uma linguagem orientada pelos princípios de objetividade e rigor, pelas convenções do jornalismo, sem prescindir do olhar subjetivo do fotógrafo, da sua capacidade de interpretar e seleccionar.
- Introduction: on the importance of studying and learning about the Abril 25, 1974 revolutionPublication . Rezola, Maria InáciaThe portuguese do not usually celebrate historical watershed events with great enthusiasm. The October 5 celebrations (recalling the proclamation of the Portuguese First Republic in 1910) or the (Restoration of Independence holiday, celebrating the end of the Spanish King Philip IV’s reign over Portugal on December 1, 1640) are scarcely attended by participants, an evident sign that historical memory plays a secondary role in the daily lives of the Portuguese. Surveys recently carried out reveal the same tendency, showing that other important milestones in Portuguese history (such as the epic Discoveries era) are seen as remote realities. The publishing industry has, however, sought to reverse this trend, skilfully taking advantage of key historical moments to boosts its activity. The commemorations of the centenary of the Portuguese First Republic (1910-1926) are paradigmatic in this regard, mediating the publication of a multitude of studies and the reprinting of others that were inaccessible through commercial channels for a long time.