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  • Techno-economic analysis of carbon mitigation technologies
    Publication . Bacariza, Carmen; Dos-Santos, Maria José Palma Lampreia
    Portugal’s National Research Agenda for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) highlight the role of CCUS as a complementary technology in achieving the country’s climate neutrality objectives. Portugal aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, in line with European Union climate targets. Although national decarbonization efforts primarily focus on renewable energy, electrification, energy efficiency, and natural carbon sinks, CCUS is recognized as a strategic option for mitigating emissions from hard-to-abate industrial sectors such as cement, refining, chemicals, glass, and waste-to-energy facilities. The agenda identifies significant CO₂ capture opportunities within industrial clusters, particularly in the Sines Industrial and Logistics Zone, while acknowledging the absence of operational transport and storage infrastructure. Portugal possesses substantial geological storage potential, estimated at more than 7 GtCO₂, mainly in the Lusitanian, Porto, and Algarve basins. Current research activities focus on postcombustion capture technologies, CO₂ transport modelling, carbon utilization pathways including synthetic fuels and mineralization, and geological storage characterization. However, most initiatives remain at laboratory, pilot, or early demonstration stages. Key challenges include high technology costs, limited economies of scale, regulatory uncertainties, insufficient infrastructure, and low public awareness of CCUS technologies. The agenda emphasises the need for large-scale demonstration projects, integrated transport and storage networks, clear permitting procedures, stakeholder engagement, and stronger collaboration among government, industry, and research institutions. Future priorities include developing a national CCUS roadmap, improving economic viability, expanding storage assessments, and integrating CCUS with renewable energy and hydrogen systems. Overall, the agenda positions CCUS as an important enabling technology for industrial decarbonization and longterm climate neutrality in Portugal. Keywords: Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage
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