Browsing by Author "Rafiq, Muhammad"
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- Exploring the Asymmetric Effect of Internal and External Economic Factors on Poverty: A Fresh Insight from Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributive Lag ModelPublication . Dantas, Rui Miguel; Ali, Shahzad; Rafiq, Muhammad; Martins, José Moleiro; Abreu, António; Mata, Mário NunoThis study examines the asymmetric impact of both internal (military, education, and health expenditures) and external (trade opening and foreign direct investment) factors that contribute to poverty reduction. Methodology: To find an asymmetric relationship between the proposed variables, we used a non-linear ARDL co-integration approach for the period ranging from 1981-2019. Findings: The findings of the study confirm the asymmetric impact of internal (education, military, health expenditures, quality of governance) and external (foreign direct investment, openness) factors on poverty. The finding confirms that ignoring nonlinear or asymmetric properties of macroeconomic variables may mislead inferences. This study has policy implications for government officials to reduce poverty. Novelty: the economic theory of poverty is studied from different perspectives by using internal and external factors that have direct and indirect effects on poverty. Furthermore, for in-depth analysis, a nonlinear approach is used to determine which factor has a strong contribution to eliminating poverty.
- Impact of Paternal Leadership on Employee Retention during COVID-19: Financial Crunch or Financial GainPublication . Moleiro Martins, José; Kashif, Uzma; Dantas, Rui Miguel; Rafiq, Muhammad; Lucas, João LuisThe leadership style that is most appropriate for the given circumstance will determine whether or not a leader is successful. It means what great leaders should do while working with a diverse workforce. They should be emotionally intelligent in order to understand their team members and modify their leadership style in order to achieve the best out of them. Employee engagement in the workplace is crucial for firms, but different factors can keep employees motivated. Work engagement activities, particularly those supported by the human resource department, have typically been observed as the primary factors that motivate employees. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a number of adjustments. The primary goal of this study is to examine how virtual human resource practices and paternal leadership affected employee retention in COVID-19, with the function of work engagement activities as a mediator. The data were gathered from 250 Portuguese Professors who were instructing undergraduate students using a survey instrument. Smart-PLS partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to assess the study’s hypotheses. It has been discovered that paternalistic leadership, also known as a resource provider with a benevolent attitude, has a direct impact on job performance and employee intention to leave the job, but during a pandemic, where the role of the government in supporting their nationals was not as significant in Portugal as it could be, people also faced their leaders of organizations as opportunists. Not all, but most paternal organizations took financial decisions to safeguard their business and were not people-oriented. Now the dignity of the paternal leader on the canvas of leadership is fading. This neo-normal approach will contribute to the literature on paternal leadership.
- Intellectual structure and evolution of accounting conservatism research: past trends and future research suggestionsPublication . Bhutta, Umair Saeed; Martins, Jessica Nunes; Mata, Mário Nuno; Raza, Ali; Dantas, Rui; Batista, Anabela; Rafiq, MuhammadAccounting conservatism (AC) is one of the components of financial reporting, and has been widely studied by academicians to identify its impact on information quality. Scholars in accounting have started to explore how AC is related to different fundamental functional areas of organizations. The interest of the scholars has resulted in an increasing number of publications in this field. In this study, we examined 408 indexed publications related to AC. This work’s objectives include analyzing the regional distribution, size, and evolution of this knowledge base by identifying key authors, documents, and journals while exploring current literature, scholarly structure, and highlighting contemporary trends. The findings of the study concluded that most of the studies are conducted in developed nations contexts. However, there are still areas that need further exploration to obtain more profound insights on the subject. This bibliometric review inspires a new generation of researchers on the topic by giving them an overview of the past studies related to AC.
- Role of green and multisensory packaging in environmental sustainability: Evidence from FMCG sector of PakistanPublication . Dantas, Rui Miguel; Sabir, Irfan; Martins, José Moleiro; Majid, Muhammad Bilal; Rafiq, Muhammad; Martins, Jéssica Nunes; Rana, KanzaThe primary purpose of this research is to explain the importance of a significant aspect of a sustainable environment: green packaging. Green packa ging has been revealed to have an astounding effect on a sustainable environment. Misuse of carbon products negatively affects the environment and pollutes the surroundings to a great extent, for which one feasible solution is green packaging. The phenomenon has been investigated using two independent variables: green packaging and multi-sensory packaging. Consumer environmental knowledge has been used as a mediating variable, and consumer perception has been used as a moderating variable, whereas the dependent variable is ecological sustainability. Current research is quantitative, and data were collected from 302 FMCG customers through a Self-Administered questionnaire survey. The research approach was deductive, and the nature of the study was explanatory. AMOS software and the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique have been used to test the proposed hypotheses. According to the study’s findings, green packaging has a significant and positive effect on environmental sustainability, while multisensory packaging has a negative impact. Consumer perception positively moderates the relationship between green packaging and ecological sustainability. At the same time, consumer environmental knowledge had no mediating effect between green packaging, multi sensory packaging, and ecological sustainability. This research fills the literature gap, as few studies exist on the relationship between green packaging and environmental sustainability. The mediating and moderating model has been tested for the first time in the FMCG sector of Pakistan. This study benefits manufacturers and marketers to know the importance of green packaging to enhance a sustainable environment. FMCG companies can use reusable and recyclable materials instead of substances like Plastic and Styrofoam for Packing, which is environmentally friendly and affordable for daily usage.
- A Study on Balanced Scorecard and Its Impact on Sustainable Development of Renewable Energy Organizations; A Mediating Role of Political and Regulatory InstitutionsPublication . Rafiq, Muhammad; Maqbool, Saif; Moleiro Martins, José; Mata, Mário Nuno; Dantas, Rui; Naz, Shumaila; BATISTA, AnabelaOrganizational strategic programs are continuously evolving and gaining the attention of policy makers in order to construct organizations’ ecological and socioeconomic systems. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the balanced scorecard (BSC) and sustainable development involving the mediated effect of political and regulatory influence. To achieve the core objectives of the research, the quantitative (positivism) research method is applied. The goal of the current research is made possible through the quantitative method because of its objective nature of reality. A total of 320 questionnaires were distributed among the different levels of managers; 280 respondents returned the questionnaire. The data are analyzed through a modern statistical tool called Smart-PLS, Partial Least Squares (PLS) is high graphical user interference software that is used to calculate Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through PLS path modeling. Factor analysis is conducted to eliminate the variables that have no contribution and to reduce the variables to obtain better results in regression. The implications are for energy organizations that are struggling to deal with sustainable development and these tools can help them to achieve their sustainability goals. The study concludes that the adoption of BSC is essential to ensure sustainable development regardless of its challenges. Moreover, consideration of meta-constitutional rules as political influence is important to understand and address in order to mitigate financial loss. In nutshell, the use of BSC is highly recommended to eliminate the routine problems and to ensure environmental sustainability.