Percorrer por autor "Moura, Sofia"
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- Efectividade do controlo da schistosomíase no BengoPublication . Lemos, Manuel; Sousa, Carlos Alberto Pinto de; Moura, Sofia; Mirante, Clara; Brito, MiguelIntrodução - A schistosomíase é um agente causador de anemia e outras manifestações clínicas em crianças, comprometendo o seu crescimento e a sua performance escolar. Actualmente a principal iniciativa de controlo integrado da schistosomíase é a implementação de programas de administração massiva de praziquantel e albendazol na escola ou na comunidade para o controlo da endemia. Objectivo - O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efectividade do tratamento massivo de crianças em idade escolar (6-15 anos) com praziquantel na redução da prevalência e intensidade da schistosomíase no Bairro Cabungo, Dande-Bengo.
- Effect of deworming on hemoglobin concentration in children from 2 to 15 years from the Bengo Province, AngolaPublication . Brito, Miguel; Lemos, Manuel; Mirante, Clara; Moura, Sofia; Mayer, CarlosThe most common causes of anemia are micronutrient deficiencies, but other factors may influence namely inflammation, parasitic infections and inherited disorders. One strategy to combat micronutrient deficiencies is supplementation, yet, in zones with high prevalence of Schistosomiasis or Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH), supplementation could be not sufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deworming, on hemoglobin concentration, in children from 2 to 15 years, from Bengo.
- Impact of a training course on the quality of malaria diagnosis by microscopy in AngolaPublication . Moura, Sofia; Fançony, Cláudia; Mirante, Clara; Neves, Marcela; Bernardino, Luís; Fortes, Filomeno; Sambo, Maria do Rosário; Brito, MiguelBackground: In Angola, malaria is an endemic disease having a major impact on the economy. The WHO recommends testing for all suspected malaria cases, to avoid the presumptive treatment of this disease. In malaria endemic regions laboratory technicians must be very comfortable with microscopy, the golden standard for malaria diagnosis, to avoid the incorrect diagnosis. The improper use of medication promotes drug resistance and undesirable side effects. The present study aims to assess the impact of a three-day refresher course on the knowledge of technicians, quality of blood smears preparation and accuracy of microscopy malaria diagnosis, using qPCR as reference method. Methods: This study was implemented in laboratories from three hospitals in different provinces of Angola: Bengo, Benguela and Luanda. In each laboratory samples were collected before and after the training course (slide with thin and thick blood smears, a dried blood spot and a form). The impact of the intervention was evaluated through a written test, the quality of slide preparation and the performance of microscopy. Results: It was found a significant increase on the written test median score, from 52.5% to 65.0%. A total of 973 slides were analysed to evaluate the quality of thick and thin blood smears. Considering all laboratories there was a significant increase in quality of thick and thin blood smears. To determine the performance of microscopy using qPCR as the reference method we used 1,028 samples. Benguela presented the highest values for specificity, 92.9% and 98.8% pre and post-course, respectively and for sensitivity the best pre-course was Benguela (75.9%) and post-course Luanda (75.0%). However, no significant increase in sensitivity and specificity after the training course was registered in any laboratory analysed. Discussion: The findings of this study support the need of continuous refresher training for microscopists and other laboratory staff. The laboratories should have a quality control programme to supervise the diagnosis and also to assess the periodicity of new training. However, other variables needed to be considered to have a correct malaria diagnosis, such as adequate equipment and reagents for staining and visualization, good working conditions, motivated and qualified personnel.
- Impacto de uma formação na qualidade do diagnóstico microscópico de malária em AngolaPublication . Fançony, Cláudia; Moura, Sofia; Mirante, Clara; Neves, Marcela; Bernardino, Luís; Sambo, Rosário; Brito, MiguelA malária é uma doença endémica em Angola responsável por elevada morbilidade e mortalidade, especialmente entre crianças menores de cinco anos. Uma boa performance das técnicas de diagnóstico de malária é essencial uma vez que reduz o uso irracional de antimaláricos e melhora a qualidade da vigilância epidemiológica. A microscopia é o método de diagnóstico de referência, no entanto, a qualidade dos resultados varia consideravelmente entre laboratórios principalmente devido ao nível da experiência dos técnicos, qualidade dos reagentes e equipamentos. Neste estudo pretendemos avaliar a performance da microscopia no diagnóstico da malária, antes e após a realização de um curso de formação de 3 dias, utilizando o qPCR como método de referência.
- Integrated community-based intervention for urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children from Caxito, AngolaPublication . Lemos, Manuel; Fançony, Cláudia; Moura, Sofia; Mirante, Clara; Sousa, Pinto de; Barros, Henrique; Nery, Susana; Brito, MiguelBackground: Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections are major public health problems. We aimed to study the 6-mo impact of mass drug administration with praziquantel and albendazole on urinary schistosomiasis and STH. Methods: We examined children (aged 2–15 y) from one hamlet, who provided urine and feces samples at baseline (n=197), 1 mo (n=102), and 6 mo (n=92); 67 completed the protocol. Results: At baseline, 47/67 (70.1%) children presented Schistosoma haematobium (75.8% in the baseline total sample) and 12/67 (17.9%) with STH (30.5% in the initial sample, p=0.010). Among the children, 47.3% had heavy Schistosoma haematobium infection. The most frequent STH was Trichuris trichiura in 9.0%. We also found Hymenolepis nana (13.2%) and Plasmodium falciparum (9.1%) infections and anemia (82.1%). One mo after chemotherapy there was a significant (p=0.013) reduction of Schistosoma haematobium prevalence (23.5%) and a high egg reduction rate (86.9%). Considering the sample of 67 children, the mean egg concentration was 498 at baseline, 65 at 1 mo, and 252 at 6 mo (p<0.05). We also observed a reduction in STH infections, 50% in Ascaris lumbricoides, 33.3% in T. trichiura, and 50% in hookworms. At 6 mo, the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium (76.1%) was similar to the baseline and the STH reduction was not significant. Conclusions: Longitudinal studies have reported many losses in these settings, but we were able to show that mass drug administration for control of schistosomiasis and STH presents low effectiveness, that reinfections occur rapidly and that stand-alone anthelmintic therapy is not a sustainable choice.
- Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis preventive chemotherapy: adverse events in children from 2 to 15 years in Bengo province, AngolaPublication . Lemos, Manuel; Pedro, João M.; Fançony, Cláudia; Moura, Sofia; Brito, Miguel; Nery, Susana Vaz; Sousa, Carlos Pinto; Barros, HenriquePreventive chemotherapy campaigns with praziquantel and albendazole are being implemented in Angola, as a high-priority public health intervention. However, there are no published data regarding adverse events associated with these medications. In this context, we analyzed adverse events due to co-administration of praziquantel and albendazole in endemic areas of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Bengo, Angola. In the context of a targeted drug administration, between December 2012 and September 2013, we conducted two surveys after co-administrating single oral doses of praziquantel and albendazole tablets to children 2 to 15 years of age. About 24 hours after each treatment, participants answered a questionnaire about adverse events. At baseline, 605 children (55.0% male; mean age: 9.7 years) were treated; 460 were interviewed and 257 (55.9%) reported at least one adverse event, 62.3% (160/257) of children being infected with Schistosoma haematobium. After six months of treatment, among 339 children surveyed, 184 (54.3%) reported adverse events, with 49.5% (91/184) of infected children. Adverse events were most common in preschool-aged children, with no significant difference between genders. The most frequent adverse events in the two surveys were abdominal pain (18.5%, 25.7%), headache (20.9%, 23.0%) and dizziness (15.7%, 19.8%). Children aged 12 to 15 years (adjusted OR = 0.40, p = 0.040) and those with mixed infection (adjusted OR = 0.04, p = 0.011) had lower odds of adverse events. After the second treatment, those with heavy infection (adjusted OR = 2.72, p = 0.018) and aged 9-11 years (adjusted OR = 2.01, p = 0.049) had significantly fewer adverse events. About 2.0% of children experienced severe adverse events. This study adds evidence that preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths control is safe, but cases of adverse events are expected. Standardized methodologies to discriminate drug-related adverse events from the clinical manifestations of the infections are needed.
- Uso de redes mosquiteiras em crianças menores de 5 anos, numa zona rural de AngolaPublication . Lemos, Manuel; Moura, Sofia; Brito, MiguelAs crianças com menos de 5 anos são um dos grupos mais vulneráveis à malária. O uso de redes mosquiteiras tratadas com inseticida (MTIs) é considerada uma medida eficaz de prevenção e tem sido alvo de investimento internacional como forma de reduzir a morbilidade e mortalidade desta doença. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o uso de redes mosquiteiras nesta faixa etária.