Browsing by Author "Lemos, Manuel"
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- Efectividade do controlo da schistosomíase no BengoPublication . Lemos, Manuel; Sousa, Carlos Alberto Pinto de; Moura, Sofia; Mirante, Clara; Brito, MiguelIntrodução - A schistosomíase é um agente causador de anemia e outras manifestações clínicas em crianças, comprometendo o seu crescimento e a sua performance escolar. Actualmente a principal iniciativa de controlo integrado da schistosomíase é a implementação de programas de administração massiva de praziquantel e albendazol na escola ou na comunidade para o controlo da endemia. Objectivo - O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efectividade do tratamento massivo de crianças em idade escolar (6-15 anos) com praziquantel na redução da prevalência e intensidade da schistosomíase no Bairro Cabungo, Dande-Bengo.
- Effect of deworming on hemoglobin concentration in children from 2 to 15 years from the Bengo Province, AngolaPublication . Brito, Miguel; Lemos, Manuel; Mirante, Clara; Moura, Sofia; Mayer, CarlosThe most common causes of anemia are micronutrient deficiencies, but other factors may influence namely inflammation, parasitic infections and inherited disorders. One strategy to combat micronutrient deficiencies is supplementation, yet, in zones with high prevalence of Schistosomiasis or Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH), supplementation could be not sufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deworming, on hemoglobin concentration, in children from 2 to 15 years, from Bengo.
- Integrated community-based intervention for urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children from Caxito, AngolaPublication . Lemos, Manuel; Fançony, Cláudia; Moura, Sofia; Mirante, Clara; Sousa, Pinto de; Barros, Henrique; Nery, Susana; Brito, MiguelBackground: Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections are major public health problems. We aimed to study the 6-mo impact of mass drug administration with praziquantel and albendazole on urinary schistosomiasis and STH. Methods: We examined children (aged 2–15 y) from one hamlet, who provided urine and feces samples at baseline (n=197), 1 mo (n=102), and 6 mo (n=92); 67 completed the protocol. Results: At baseline, 47/67 (70.1%) children presented Schistosoma haematobium (75.8% in the baseline total sample) and 12/67 (17.9%) with STH (30.5% in the initial sample, p=0.010). Among the children, 47.3% had heavy Schistosoma haematobium infection. The most frequent STH was Trichuris trichiura in 9.0%. We also found Hymenolepis nana (13.2%) and Plasmodium falciparum (9.1%) infections and anemia (82.1%). One mo after chemotherapy there was a significant (p=0.013) reduction of Schistosoma haematobium prevalence (23.5%) and a high egg reduction rate (86.9%). Considering the sample of 67 children, the mean egg concentration was 498 at baseline, 65 at 1 mo, and 252 at 6 mo (p<0.05). We also observed a reduction in STH infections, 50% in Ascaris lumbricoides, 33.3% in T. trichiura, and 50% in hookworms. At 6 mo, the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium (76.1%) was similar to the baseline and the STH reduction was not significant. Conclusions: Longitudinal studies have reported many losses in these settings, but we were able to show that mass drug administration for control of schistosomiasis and STH presents low effectiveness, that reinfections occur rapidly and that stand-alone anthelmintic therapy is not a sustainable choice.
- Microscopic and biomolecular result of survey filarias diagnostic in the community of Angola in Chicala province of BiéPublication . Van-Dúnem, Pedro José Dias; lamezon, Sandra Lopez; Brito, Miguel; Lemos, Manuel; Catumbela, Silvano; Pinda, Salas; Capusso, Argílio; Braga, Ginga Luciano; Brás, João; Figueiredo, Jacinta ChavesBié is referred to as an endemic location for filariasis and has never been selected for mass administration of ivermectin. To understand the situation, we did a study in the locality of Chicala, in Kuito, and evaluated the co-endemicity of human filariasis, to obtain data via calibrated thick droplet microscopy and subcutaneous biopsy of samples collected in Chicala in Kuito, Bié and samples collected and preserved on Wathman filter paper for molecular diagnosis of filariae; Material and methods; The research was approved by the ethics committee of the Agostinho Neto University medical school. in deliberation number: 17/2021 and the samples collected after free and informed consent, the universe was 6015 people, data obtained from the local administration and was selected probabilistically from an approximate value of n0 400, the sample of 320 participants distributed in 12 conglomerates where we did research prolectively; The field work involved 2 microscopes, to read the slides, 2 interviewers, 1 guide and 1 driver; The Oncocerca volvulus worm was isolated from subcutaneous cellular tissue extracted from the iliac crest and/or calf muscles and crushed on a glass slide, hydrated in 1 drop of saline and analyzed using a binocular microscope (HC Olympus®), with a 100x objective., regarding the presence or absence of the filaria Oncocerca volvulus and one drop of fresh blood was collected by digital puncture and applied to the slide in a smear and on top of the slide and stained with giemsa and analyzed under the Binocular microscope (HC Olympus®) for the presence or absence of the filariae Wuchereria bancrofty and Loa Loa. All survey data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS version 21 statistical software was used for analysis. Results The average age of participants in the study was 39.8 years, the findings found in the calibrated thick drop were 0.3%, (+) positive for Wuchereria Bancrofty and subcutaneous biopsy 52.8% (+) positive for Oncocerca volvulus, 169/320 tests, 62.8% of participants were female, 0.3% of male participants had a positive calibrated thick drop (+) for Wuchereria Bancrofty, no observation of the characteristic eye worm was not registered Loa loa and 35% of women had a positive biopsy (+) and 17% of men had a biopsy (+) for Oncocerca volvulus at the age of 46-61 years, 0.3% had a positive (+) for Wuchereria Bancrofty and, 17.5% positive (+) for Oncocerca volvulus, and from 14 -29 years old, 17.2%, (+) and 30-45 years old, 14.1% for Oncocerca volvulus. The results in the conglomerates were: Ngombakasi, 0.3% positive (+) for Wuchereria Bancrofty and Chilomba 8.1%, Lumbachagi, 7.2%, Kalale, 6.9%, and João Kapa 6.6% positive (+), for Oncocerca volvulus, the results of samples preserved on filter paper from the residents of Chikala are missing. Conclusions. The Chicala in the municipality of Kuito, province of Bié, is hyperendemic for Oncocerca volvulus, a prevalence above 50%, and hypoendemic for Wuchereria Bancrofty, a prevalence lower than 10% with Loiasis outbreaks in the province to be determined; which allows the provincial authorities to invest in the mass administration of ivermectin because the risk of side effects is minimal or irrelevant.
- Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis preventive chemotherapy: adverse events in children from 2 to 15 years in Bengo province, AngolaPublication . Lemos, Manuel; Pedro, João M.; Fançony, Cláudia; Moura, Sofia; Brito, Miguel; Nery, Susana Vaz; Sousa, Carlos Pinto; Barros, HenriquePreventive chemotherapy campaigns with praziquantel and albendazole are being implemented in Angola, as a high-priority public health intervention. However, there are no published data regarding adverse events associated with these medications. In this context, we analyzed adverse events due to co-administration of praziquantel and albendazole in endemic areas of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Bengo, Angola. In the context of a targeted drug administration, between December 2012 and September 2013, we conducted two surveys after co-administrating single oral doses of praziquantel and albendazole tablets to children 2 to 15 years of age. About 24 hours after each treatment, participants answered a questionnaire about adverse events. At baseline, 605 children (55.0% male; mean age: 9.7 years) were treated; 460 were interviewed and 257 (55.9%) reported at least one adverse event, 62.3% (160/257) of children being infected with Schistosoma haematobium. After six months of treatment, among 339 children surveyed, 184 (54.3%) reported adverse events, with 49.5% (91/184) of infected children. Adverse events were most common in preschool-aged children, with no significant difference between genders. The most frequent adverse events in the two surveys were abdominal pain (18.5%, 25.7%), headache (20.9%, 23.0%) and dizziness (15.7%, 19.8%). Children aged 12 to 15 years (adjusted OR = 0.40, p = 0.040) and those with mixed infection (adjusted OR = 0.04, p = 0.011) had lower odds of adverse events. After the second treatment, those with heavy infection (adjusted OR = 2.72, p = 0.018) and aged 9-11 years (adjusted OR = 2.01, p = 0.049) had significantly fewer adverse events. About 2.0% of children experienced severe adverse events. This study adds evidence that preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths control is safe, but cases of adverse events are expected. Standardized methodologies to discriminate drug-related adverse events from the clinical manifestations of the infections are needed.
- Socio-environmental factors associated with knowledge, attitude and practice and determinants of co-endemicity of filariasis in Chicala, Kuito province of Bié, AngolaPublication . Van-Dúnem, Pedro José Dias; lamezon, Sandra Lopez; Brito, Miguel; Lemos, Manuel; Figueiredo, Jacinta ChavesFilariasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease, caused by filaria of the species: Oncocerca Volvulos, Wuchereia bancrofty and Loíase, whose injuries have serious consequences for human health and as it is endemic in Angola, its study and control become imperative. Objective: To carry out an integrated study to identify filarial co-infection associated with social determinants and knowledge, attitude, and practice of the population of Chicala, commune of Kuíto, province of Bié. Material and Method: After prior contact with administrators, a cross-sectional lecture study was carried out and a probabilistic cluster sample of 320 individuals from a universe of 6015 individuals was selected. After free and informed consent, a questionnaire was administered to collect clinical-socio-demographic data: Leopard skin sign or depigmentation, Blindness, elephant's foot, hydrocele, and presence of eye worm. A biopsy of subcutaneous cellular tissue taken from the iliac crest or calf muscles was performed and a calibrated thick drop (GEC) was performed after digital puncture and a drop of dried blood was preserved on filter paper strips for the genetic detection of the species. Included photos with vector image Simulium, Crysops and Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex to help interviewees inform about the diseases under study. Positive tests referred to the provincial NTD program to take Ivermetin 6mg/dose, each participant received one albendazole 400 mg tablet. For data processing, the Chi-square test was applied with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The average age of the participants was 32.5 years and the female sex was more represented 200 (62.5%) the male 120 (37.5%), the significance level was higher than 0.05, therefore the variables are not associated, so it is not pertinent to apply logarithmic analysis to associate knowledge, attitude, and practice with the inequities observed in social determinants, through a logarithmic linear model that allows detecting more significant effects and interpreting the relationships between the variables. The macroscopic lesions found were: (5.9%) hydrocele, 13(68.4%) Elephantiasis 3(15.7%) calibrated thick drop, 1(0.3%) positive for Wuchereia bancrofty and (0) for Loiase; Leopard skin (depigmentation),8(2.5%) Blindness 3(15,7%), biopsy 174(%54.3) positive for Oncocerca Volvulos; The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the population the result was: Knowledge: (100%) inadequate; Attitude: (17%) marginalizes hydrocele, (29%) marginalizes blindness, (34%) marginalizes hydrocele, blindness and elephantiasis; Practice: (99.4%) uses repellent or sleeved shirt to protect against vector bites and 100% have never attended a lecture on filariae (99.7%) do not sleep under a mosquito net and (99.7%) do not take albendazole. Conclusions: The clinical-laboratory findings prove the existence of co-infection: Oncocerca Volvulos and Wuchereria bancrofty in the adult population and stimulate the distribution of ivermectin for prevention and treatment in Chicala under Community Directive without risk of side effects after the molecular biology results confirm the GEC findings, we recommend informing the population about filariasis associated with the distribution of ivermectin and the improvement of social determinants in chicala.
- Uso de redes mosquiteiras em crianças menores de 5 anos, numa zona rural de AngolaPublication . Lemos, Manuel; Moura, Sofia; Brito, MiguelAs crianças com menos de 5 anos são um dos grupos mais vulneráveis à malária. O uso de redes mosquiteiras tratadas com inseticida (MTIs) é considerada uma medida eficaz de prevenção e tem sido alvo de investimento internacional como forma de reduzir a morbilidade e mortalidade desta doença. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o uso de redes mosquiteiras nesta faixa etária.