Percorrer por autor "Albuquerque, F."
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- Are the First Gray’s Shreds of Light Still Bright? An Almost Forty Years of Bibliometric and Systematic Literature Review on Hofstede-Gray’s Cultural Model in AccountingPublication . da Silva Maocha, A.; Albuquerque, F.The cultural values of a nation influence every aspect of its environment. As a subculture, accounting is not exempt from this influence. From this perspective, Gray proposed a model based on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, identifying four accounting cultural values that have served as the theoretical foundation for subsequent research. This study presents a systematic and bibliometric literature review on the application of Hofstede-Gray’s model in accounting, based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 framework. It examines the model’s impact and scope as well as the key findings of various studies. A total of seventy articles, published between 1988 and 2024 in journals indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, were identified and analyzed. The collected data was assessed using the tools available in VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. The findings indicate that Hofstede-Gray’s model has been widely used as a theoretical framework for numerous studies, has been progressively adapted to various contexts, and has been applied to explain several accounting-related phenomena. The model remains a subject of critique and proposals for revision. This study aims to contribute to academia by providing a state-of-the-art review of a model proposed nearly forty years ago, from which future research can build upon the identified gaps, potentially leading to both social and practical implications arising from new investigations.
- Assessing the countries’ convergence to IPSAS from a cultural perspectivePublication . Gomes dos Santos, P.; Albuquerque, F.; International Journal of Accounting & Information ManagementPurpose – This paper aims to assess the factors that may explain the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) convergence, considering Hofstede’s cultural dimensions as the theoretical reference for the cultural approach proposed. Additional factors include countries’ contextual and macroeconomic characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – Logistic and probit regression models were used to identify the factors that may explain the IPSAS (fully or adapted) use by countries, including 166 countries in this assessment (59 for those whose cultural dimensions are available). Findings – The findings consistently indicate collectivism and indebtedness levels as explanatory factors, providing insights into cultural dimensions along with macroeconomic characteristics as a relevant factor of countries’ convergence to IPSAS. Research limitations/implications – There are different levels of IPSAS convergence by countries that were not considered. This aspect may hide different countries’ characteristics that may explain those options, which could not be distinguished in this paper. Practical implications – As a result of this paper, the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board may gain insights that can be applied within the IPSAS due process to overcome the main challenges when collaborating with national authorities to achieve a high level of convergence. This analysis may include how to accommodate countries’ cultural differences as well as their contextual and macroeconomic characteristics. Social implications – There is a trend of moving toward accrual-based accounting standards by countries. Because the public sector embraces a new culture following the IPSAS path, it is relevant to assess if there are cultural factors, besides contextual and macroeconomic characteristics, that may explain the countries’ convergence to those standards. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first cross-country analysis on the likely influence of cultural dimensions on IPSAS convergence as far as the authors’ knowledge.
- Can ChatGPT Be a Certified Accountant? Assessing the Responses of ChatGPT for the Professional Access Exam in PortugalPublication . Albuquerque, F.; Gomes dos Santos, P; Administrative SciencesPurpose: From an exploratory perspective, this paper aims to assess how well ChatGPT scores in an accounting proficiency exam in Portugal, as well as its overall understanding of the issues, purpose and context underlying the questions under assessment. Design/methodology/approach: A quasi-experimental method is used in this study. The questions from an exam by the Portuguese Order of Chartered Accountants (OCC, in the Portuguese acronym) served as input queries, while the responses (outputs) from ChatGPT were compared with those from the OCC. Findings: The findings indicate that ChatGPT’s responses were able to deduce the primary issue underlying the matters assessed, although some responses were inaccurate or imprecise. Also, the tool did not have the same score in all matters, being less accurate in those requiring more professional judgment. The findings also show that the ChatGPT did not pass the exam, although it was close to doing so. Originality: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is little research on ChatGPT accuracy in accounting proficiency exams, this being the first such study in Portugal. Practical implications: The findings from this research can be useful to accounting professionals to understand how ChatGPT may be used for practitioners, stressing that it could assist them and improve efficiency, but cannot, at least for now, replace the human professional. It also highlights the potential use of ChatGPT as an additional resource in the classroom, encouraging students to engage in critical thinking and facilitating open discussion with the guidance of teachers. Consequently, it can also prove beneficial for academic purposes, aiding in the learning process.
- Can ChatGPT be a knowledgeable and accurate ethical accountant? Assessing the overall usefulness of ChatGPT’s answers to ethical dilemmasPublication . Albuquerque, F.; dos Santos, P. G.This paper aims to assess the overall usefulness of ChatGPT regarding ethical dilemmas in accounting by exploring the tool’s ability to produce accurate answers, as well as reliably and properly identify the relevant legal frameworks in its justification. This study employs a quasi-experimental method and an exploratory perspective to evaluate ChatGPT 4.0′s responses to questions from the Portuguese Order of Certified Accountants exams. Consistency and robustness tests were conducted by varying and repeating the prompts, and the outputs (ChatGPT responses) were assessed through a content analysis method by comparing them with official answer keys (accuracy) and their justification (legal frameworks). The findings indicate that, throughout the process, ChatGPT’s performance is influenced by prompt design and repetition, and it consistently lacks accuracy, namely when professional judgment is required. Besides, although it is generally capable of recognising the relevant legal frameworks, its justifications were usually vague. Moreover, whenever more precise answers were provided, evidence of hallucinations was commonly found. Therefore, while the responses are often persuasive and structured, their reliability is limited, raising concerns about the model’s epistemic soundness and reducing its overall usefulness, which highlights the need for users to exercise caution when relying on their outputs. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research to analyse in depth the characteristics within ChatGPT responses, specifically regarding professional ethics in an accounting proficiency exam. This study offers empirical evidence on ChatGPT’s limitations and potential as a supplementary tool in accounting ethics. It contributes to ongoing debates about the role of generative AI in professional education and practice, providing insights for educators and practitioners regarding its responsible and cautious integration. While promising as a discussion aid, ChatGPT still cannot replace the critical thinking and contextual reasoning required for ethical decision-making.
- Can ChatGPT improve the readability of financial reporting by the public sector entities? The case of Lisbon municipalityPublication . Albuquerque, F.; Gomes dos Santos, P.The readability of financial reporting from the users’ perspective is an essential element to ensure its usefulness and, therefore, its relevance. Through the lens of Cognitive Load Theory and plain language principles, this quasi-experimental research aims to assess whether an artificial intelligence tool, specifically ChatGPT in its GPT-4 model, can be effective in enhancing the readability of the Lisbon municipality’s annual reports and accounts for the year ending in 2023. For this purpose, six surveys, each one including two versions of six different excerpts collected from that source (an original version and a modified one), were distributed among twelve (one survey by two of them) experts on public sector financial matters. The findings globally indicate higher readability levels of the modified version of the excerpts, that is, the one produced by ChatGPT from the original version and following a prompt proposed by researchers. Respondents argued that benefits mostly relate to the text’s form and content. Although exploratory, this study may contribute to the literature by highlighting the potential benefits of using ChatGPT to enhance the readability and overall usefulness of public financial reports for a broader audience, thereby benefiting various stakeholders, including preparers, users, regulators, policymakers, and auditors.
- Do the European Entities Use Impression Management Strategies in their Messages on the Russia-Ukraine War?Publication . Rabaço, T.; Albuquerque, F.; Gomes dos Santos, P.; GCGThere may be an attempt by entities affected by the consequences of the Russia-Ukraine war to obfuscate or emphasize positive news when disclosing it, using impression management strategies. This paper aims to assess the use of those strategies for 212 listed European entities, using 2021 annual consolidated reports. The findings indicate that, within two-thirds of entities that disclosed this event, mainly in voluntary sources, reduced levels of readability were found. Furthermore, although neutrality prevailed, the entities expressed some uncertainty linked to their claim of being immune to the war’s effects. Finally, differences by country and industry were occasionally identified.
- Explanatory Factors of the Accounting Choices for Investments Under IAS 27 of Listed European Union EntitiePublication . Ribeiro, M.; Gomes Dos Santos, P.; Albuquerque, F.This study aims to analyze the explanatory factors of the accounting choices for investments of entities with securities traded on regulated markets from the European Union (EU) under International Accounting Standards (IAS) 27—Separate Financial Statements (SFS). According to IAS 27, investments in their scope can be accounted for by using the cost, equity method, or fair value, which represents alternative accounting methods commonly known in the literature as accounting choices. To identify the factors that may explain the accounting choices for investments under IAS 27, a logistic regression model is used. The research covers listed entities from 19 out of the 21 EU countries where IAS 27 is required or permitted. The findings highlight that the entities’ size and investment weight likely explain the adoption of the cost method, conversely to the size of the board of directors, which negatively explains its use. Accounting choices for investments under SFS are not yet explored in the literature. Moreover, this research also proposes further explanatory factors in the scope of the literature on accounting choices. This paper can potentially benefit a diverse set of stakeholders, namely the accounting standard-setters, as they can draw attention to the comparability issues from the use of accounting choices, which may mitigate the financial information usefulness for decisionmaking. Furthermore, auditors, supervisors, as well as investors and other users, can have a more comprehensive perspective of the reasons behind the method chosen by entities for accounting for their financial investments.
- Explanatory Factors of the NGM Disclosure Related to the Cash Flow by European Listed Entities.Publication . Velez, A. R.; Albuquerque, F.; Pinto, V.This paper aims to assess the transparency of information on cash flows and its potential explanatory factors, using for this purpose, the disclosures on non-generally accepted accounting principles (non-GAAP) measures (NGM) related to cash flows. The explanatory factors were assessed in the light of different theories, namely the institutional theory, the theory of agency, and the positive theory of accounting. The data was based on the reports and accounts of 121 Euronext entities between 2018 to 2021. Based on the linear regression model, the findings identified that the disclosure of NGM on cash flows in the entities reports, with emphasis on free cash flow (FCF), as well as the presentation of the NGM calculation formula and the possibility of reconciliation with the GAAP information disclosed. In addition, it was identified that location, industry, size, indebtedness, and corporate governance variables were explanatory factors for the disclosures around cash flows, and overall, providing support for the different theories. This research contributes to the discussion around NGM transparency, especially regarding cash flows. Furthermore, the paper contributes to the academic and business environment by assessing current references related to the statement of cash flow. It also assesses the potential explanatory factors for the disclosure of such information.
- Fatores determinantes das accounting choices dos fluxos de caixa das entidades europeias cotadas.Publication . Velez, A. R.; Albuquerque, F.; Pinto, V.Este artigo tem como objetivo os potenciais fatores explicativos das opções seguidas pelas entidades europeias cotadas nas suas demonstrações dos fluxos de caixa, à luz da teoria institucional, a teoria da agência e a teoria positiva da contabilidade. Dados de 121 entidades europeias cotadas na Euronext entre os anos de 2018 e 2021 foram analisados, totalizando 484 relatórios anuais consolidados. Tendo por base modelos de regressão logística, os resultados indicaram que os juros, pagos ou recebidos, são maioritariamente classificados como fluxo de caixa operacional, os dividendos pagos como fluxo de caixa de financiamento e os dividendos recebidos como fluxo operacional ou de investimento. Verificou-se, ainda, a preferência pelo método indireto para apresentação dos fluxos de caixa operacionais. Por fim, a localização, o setor, a dimensão, o endividamento e a rentabilidade apresentaram-se como fatores explicativos das opções seguidas pelas entidades em matéria de fluxos de caixa.
- Labour Productivity in European Non-Financial Corporations: The Roles of Country, Sector, and SizePublication . Albuquerque, F.; Ferrão, J.; dos Santos, P. G.This study aims to investigate the determinants of labour productivity across European non-financial entities using aggregated data from the Bank for the Accounts of Companies Harmonized (BACH) database. Focusing on six European Union countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Portugal, Poland, and Spain). Annual information from 2010 to 2023 is used (the last available year), including three size classes (small, medium-sized and larger entities) per division (two-digit code) by year and by country, totalling 14,188 observations. The combination of sectors and class sizes varies from 191 to 208 by country. It uses gross value added per employee as a proxy for labour productivity. Using a fixed-effects estimator and panel data regression techniques, the analysis reveals that labour productivity explanatory factors, particularly firm size, profitability, financialisation, leverage, and tangibility, have heterogeneous and sometimes contradictory effects across countries, sectors, and size classes. Larger firms generally tend to have higher levels of labour productivity, although this feature is not consistent among countries. Size and profitability more consistently exert a strong positive influence, whereas financialisation and leverage typically show negative or nonlinear effects. The results highlight the structural diversity of the European corporate landscape and challenge the adequacy of one-size-fits-all policy measures, contributing to the literature on productivity and offering further insights to policymakers by integrating cross-sectional, sectoral, and size-specific perspectives on labour efficiency within the EU context.