RCIPL
Repositório Institucional do Politécnico de Lisboa
Entradas recentes
Epigenetic signatures of DNMTs and retinal structural changes in age-related macular degeneration
Publication . Afonso, Ana; Nobre, Diana; Lino, Leonor; Ribeiro, Edna; Pereira, Bruno; Ginete, Catarina; Silva, Carina; Brito, Miguel; Camacho, Pedro
Introdução: A DMI é uma das principais causas de perda visual irreversível em idosos, com opções terapêuticas limitadas nas fases não avançadas, destacando a necessidade de identificar biomarcadores eficazes. Alterações epigenéticas, como a expressão das DNMTs, têm sido implicadas na DMI, mas a sua relação com mudanças estruturais na Coróide e no GCL+IPL permanece pouco explorada. Objetivo: Descrever e correlacionar a expressão genética de modeladores epigenéticos (DNMT1, DNMT3A e DNMT3B) com a espessura da Coróide e GCL+IPL, obtida através do SD-OCT em diferentes estádios de DMI. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 34 doentes distribuídos por DMI precoce (n=4), intermédia (n=13), atrófica (n=5) e neovascular (n=12). A expressão génica das DNMTs foi quantificada em sangue periférico. Foram avaliadas medidas funcionais (BCVA) e estruturais (RNFL, GCL, GCL+IPL, CRT, coroide) através de SD-OCT. Resultados: Na DMI atrófica, observou-se downregulation significativa de todas as DNMTs em comparação com fases precoce, intermédia e neovascular (p<0,05). Em contraste, verificou-se tendência para upregulation na DMI neovascular. Na DMI intermédia, níveis mais elevados de DNMT1 correlacionaram-se positivamente com espessura da GCL e do GCL+IPL central (p<0,05), enquanto DNMT3A e DNMT3B apresentaram correlações negativas com RNFL central e BCVA (p<0,05). Na DMI neovascular, a expressão de DNMT1 correlacionou-se negativamente com GCL e GCL+IPL. Conclusão: Fenótipos avançados da DMI apresentam padrões epigenéticos distintos, refletindo mecanismos patológicos diferenciados. A integração de biomarcadores epigenéticos e de imagem poderá contribuir para uma melhor estratificação da doença.
Total cell quantification in cerebrospinal fluid: can Alinity hq be an effective alternative?
Publication . Bragança, Frederico; Barreira, Rui; Ribeiro, Edna
A quantificação celular no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) é um método crítico para o diagnóstico de hemorragia subaracnoidea, patologias neuroinflamatórias e neoplásicas. Apesar dos inúmeros avanços tecnológicos em analisadores hematológicos automáticos, a contagem de células do LCR ainda é um procedimento manual em diversos laboratórios de patologia clínica. Como consequência tem-se um procedimento mais moroso e laborioso, que exige profissionais experientes e não obstante apresenta alta variabilidade intra e interoperador. Métodos: Para avaliar a possibilidade de automatizar a contagem de células do LCR, foi realizado um estudo comparativo-descritivo para validar e implementar o método. Foi realizada uma comparação entre o método manual de contagem de células do LCR (método de referência) e o analisador automático Alinity hq em 222 amostras do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo método de Bland-Altman para determinar os limites de concordância entre os métodos e a capacidade do Alinity hq (Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostics Division, Hematology, 2012, Santa Clara, CA, EUA) para discriminar amostras patológicas (≥ 5 leucócitos/μL) de amostras normais (< 5 leucócitos/μL). Resultados: Os leucócitos apresentaram uma diferença média entre a contagem manual e a contagem automática de – 2,0 leucócitos/μL e uma concordância de [-30,18 a 26,18 leucócitos/μL]. Para a contagem de eritrócitos, obtivemos uma diferença média de -106,36 eritrócitos/μL e uma concordância de [-934,64 a 721,96 eritrócitos/μL]. Conclusão: O baixo conteúdo celular do LCR e os valores de referência clinicamente aceitos impostos para o método são um obstáculo à implementação da automatização na prática clínica.
Sickle cell disease: can genetic variability influence pregnancy outcomes?
Publication . Ginete, Catarina; Cruz, Carolina; Delgadinho, Mariana; Mendes, Manuela; Simão, Fernanda; Alves, Ligia; Vasconcelos, Jocelyne; Borralho, Paula; Brito, Miguel
Pregnancy in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), a severe hereditary genetic condition, highly prevalent in Sub-Saharan African countries, is associated with increased risk of complications and severe outcomes in pregnancy, like intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, premature birth, miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-eclampsia, and maternal mortality. Several factors have been identified as associated with the heterogeneity of SCD phenotypes, namely the hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB) haplotype and −3.7 kb α-thalassemia deletion. Objective: This study aimed to identify pregnancy complications and severe outcomes, and their association with genetic variability in women with SCD. Methods: In a cohort of 162 pregnant women followed at Maternidade Lucrécia Paim, Luanda, Angola, we collected clinical, hematological, biochemical, and genetic data (Sickle Cell Disease genotype, HBB haplotype, and −3.7 kb α-thalassemia). Findings: The Central African Republic (CAR) haplotype was the most prevalent, being 87% of women homozygous. For the −3.7 kb α-gene deletion, 11.7% of women were homozygous, and 36.4% were heterozygous. In this cohort, CAR/CAR women had over 9 times higher odds of having a premature birth, and homozygous women for the −3.7 kb α-thalassemia had over four times higher odds of having a livebirth than the other genotypes. Over 50% of babies were born with low birth weight, and 52,7% were considered premature. Severe maternal complications were registered in 68% of current pregnancies. Conclusion: These findings highlight the high burden of adverse outcomes in SCD pregnancy and the need for individualized and closer healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries.
Challenges and opportunities for statistics in Omics data analysis
Publication . Carrasquinha, Eunice; Sousa, Lisete; Silva, Carina; Gama-Carvalho, Margarida; Figueiredo, Andreia; Pinto, Francisco Rodrigues
Omics data, comprising a diverse array of high-throughput molecular datasets, present substantial statistical challenges due to their intrinsic heterogeneity and variability. Effectively distinguishing biologically meaningful variations from random noise requires the application and development of robust statistical approaches. Interdisciplinary collaboration plays a pivotal role in refining these methodologies and enhancing the understanding of intricate biological systems. This chapter reviews the importance of statistical methods in omics data analysis, highlighting the need for ongoing advancements to address key challenges, including experimental design, preprocessing, dimensionality reduction, statistical modeling of complex datasets, and the interpretation of results. The pursuit of improved reliability in biological insights creates opportunities for the development and refinement of advanced statistical methodologies.
Obesity rise plateaus in developed nations and accelerates in developing nations
Publication . Bin Zhou; Nowell H. Phelps; Agnese Galeazzi; Olivia N. O’Driscoll; James E. Bennett; Lakshya Jain; Ysé D’Ailhaud De Brisis; Ana Barradas-Pires; Fulvio Deo; Gretchen A. Stevens; Vasilis Kontis; Christopher J. Paciorek; Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco; Anu Mishra; Yefeng Fan; Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez; Vishwa Nath; Archie W. Rayner; Annalise Zouein; Natalie R. Evans; Jennifer L. Baker; Günther Fink; Maroje Sorić; Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas; Ranjit Mohan Anjana; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Pascal Bovet; Goodarz Danaei; Kairat Davletov; Shubash Ganapathy; Edward W. Gregg; Nayu Ikeda; Andre Pascal Kengne; Young-Ho Khang; Kamlesh Khunti; Tiina Laatikainen; Avula Laxmaiah; Lee-Ling Lim; Hsien-Ho Lin; Jean Claude N. Mbanya; J. Jaime Miranda; Anja Schienkiewitz; Sylvain Sebert; Namuna Shrestha; Yi Song; Luis Adrián Soto-Mota; Gregor Starc; Limin Wang; Novie O. Younger-Coleman; Francesco Zaccardi; Julie Aarestrup; Leandra Abarca-Gómez; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Ziad A. Abdeen; Shynar Abdrakhmanova; Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar; Hanan F. Abdul Rahim; Zulfiya Abdurahmnova; Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh; Jamila Abubakar Garba; Benjamin Acosta-Cazares; Ishag Adam; Marzena Adamczyk; Robert J. Adams; Seth Adu-Afarwuah; Wichai Aekplakorn; Tin Afifah; Kaosar Afsana; Shoaib Afzal; Imelda A. Agdeppa; Javad Aghazadeh-Attari; Åsa Ågren; Hassan Aguenaou; Charles Agyemang; Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad; Noor Ani Ahmad; Ali Ahmadi; Naser Ahmadi; Nastaran Ahmadi; Imran Ahmed; Soheir H. Ahmed; Wolfgang Ahrens; Gulmira Aitmurzaeva; Kamel Ajlouni; Dilorom Akhmedova; Nilufar Akhmedova; Nasser Al-Daghri; Sarah F. Al-Hamli; Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa; Halima Al-Hinai; Jawad A. Al-Lawati; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Islam K. Al-Shami; Deena Al Asfoor; Huda M. Al Hourani; Nawal M. Al Qaoud; Monira Alarouj; Fadia AlBuhairan; Shahla AlDhukair; Maryam A. Aldwairji; Sílvia Alexius; Mohamed M. Ali; Mohammed K. Ali; Nazirah Alias; Anna V. Alieva; Abdullah Alkandari; Buthaina M. Alkhatib; Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol; Eman Aly; Deepak N. Amarapurkar; Parisa Amiri; John Amoah; Norbert Amougou; Philippe Amouyel; Atieh Amouzegar; Lars Bo Andersen; Sigmund A. Anderssen; Jonas S. Andersson; Odysseas Androutsos; Malick Anne; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Elena Anufrieva; Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri; Joana Araújo; Inger Ariansen; Carmen Arias López; Tahir Aris; Raphael E. Arku; Nimmathota Arlappa; Enrique G. Artero; Krishna K. Aryal; Thor Aspelund; Felix K. Assah; Nega Assefa; Batyrbek Assembekov; Maria Cecília F. Assunção; Shiu Lun Au Yeung; May Soe Aung; Juha Auvinen; Mária Avdičová; Kishwar Azad; Ana Azevedo; Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad; Fereidoun Azizi; Bontha V. Babu; Flora Bacopoulou; Azli Baharudin; Suhad Bahijri; Borko Bajić; Izet Bajramovic; Marta Bakacs; Nagalla Balakrishna; Yulia Balanova; Mohamed Bamoshmoosh; Maciej Banach; José R. Banegas; Joanna Baran; Rafał Baran; Carlo M. Barbagallo; Valter Barbosa Filho; Alberto Barcelo; Maja Baretić; Amina Barkat; Joaquin Barnoya; Lena Barrera; Marta Barreto; Aluisio J. D. Barros; Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros; Anna Bartosiewicz; Alicja Basiak-Rasała; Abdul Basit; Joao Luiz D. Bastos; Iqbal Bata; Anwar M. Batieha; Aline P. Batista; Rosangela L. Batista; Zhamilya Battakova; Susanne Bauer; Louise A. Baur; Pascal M. Bayauli; Robert Beaglehole; Silvia Bel-Serrat; Antonisamy Belavendra; María R. Beltran-Valls; Habiba Ben Romdhane; Theodora Benedek; Judith Benedics; Mikhail Benet; Gilda Estela Benitez Rolandi; Pedro J. Benito; Michaela Benzeval; Elling Bere; Nicolas Berger; Ingunn Holden Bergh; Yemane Berhane; Salim Berkinbayev; Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz; Gailute Bernotiene; Ximena Berrios Carrasola; Paula Berruezo; Heloísa Bettiol; Manfred E. Beutel; Augustin F. Beybey; Jorge Bezerra; Aroor Bhagyalaxmi; Sumit Bharadwaj; Santosh K. Bhargava; Hongsheng Bi; Yufang Bi; Daniel Bia; Katia Biasch; Elysée Claude Bika Lele; Mukharram M. Bikbov; Bihungum Bista; Dusko J. Bjelica; Anne A. Bjerregaard; Peter Bjerregaard; Espen Bjertness; Marius B. Bjertness; Cecilia Björkelund; Ieva Blauzde; Moran Blaychfeld Magnazi; Katia V. Bloch; Anneke Blokstra; Simona Bo; Martin Bobak; Lynne M. Boddy; Bernhard O. Boehm; Jose G. Boggia; Elena Bogova; Carlos P. Boissonnet; Stig E. Bojesen; Marialaura Bonaccio; Americo Bonanni; Vanina Bongard; Alice Bonilla-Vargas; Matthias Bopp; Elaine Borghi; Herman Borghs; Steve Botomba; Rupert Bourne; Khadichamo Boymatova; Francesca Bracone; Lien Braeckevelt; Lutgart Braeckman; Marjolijn C. E. Bragt; Tasanee Braithwaite; Imperia Brajkovich; Francesco Branca; Juergen Breckenkamp; João Breda; Hermann Brenner; Lizzy M. Brewster; Garry R. Brian; Yajaira Briceño; Lăcrămioara Brîndușe; Bettina Bringolf-Isler; Brito, Miguel; Sinead Brophy; Johannes Brug; Anna Bugge; Marta Buoncristiano; Genc Burazeri; Con Burns; Antonio Cabrera de León; Joseph Cacciottolo; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Hui Cai; Roberta B. Caixeta; Tilema Cama; Christine Cameron; José Camolas; Francesco Campa; Günay Can; Ana Paula C. Cândido; Felicia Cañete; Mario V. Capanzana; Naděžda Čapková; Eduardo Capuano; Rocco Capuano; Vincenzo Capuano; Marloes Cardol; Viviane C. Cardoso; Axel C. Carlsson; Esteban Carmuega; Joana Carvalho; Deborah Carvalho Malta; José A. Casajús; Felipe F. Casanueva; Jose Castro-Piñero; Ertugrul Celikcan; Laura Censi; Chiara Cerletti; Marvin Cervantes‐Loaiza; Juraci A. Cesar; Parinya Chamnan; Snehalatha Chamukuttan; Angelique W. Chan; Queenie Chan; Fadi J. Charchar; Marie-Aline Charles; Himanshu K. Chaturvedi; Nish Chaturvedi; Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim; Fangfang Chen; Huashuai Chen; Long-Sheng Chen; Shuohua Chen; Zhengming Chen; Ching-Yu Cheng; Yiling J. Cheng; Leila Cheraghi; Bahman Cheraghian; Angela Chetrit; Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener; Mai J. M. Chinapaw; Arnaud Chiolero; Adela Chirita-Emandi; María-Dolores Chirlaque; Chean Lin Chong; Kaare Christensen; Diego G. Christofaro; Jerzy Chudek; Silvia Ciardullo; Renata Cifkova; Michelle Cilia; Eliza Cinteza; Massimo Cirillo; Frank Claessens; Maria Clapperton; Philip Clare; Janine Clarke; Svetlana Cociu; Emmanuel Cohen; Sandra Colorado-Yohar; Laura-María Compañ-Gabucio; Hans Concin; Susana C. Confortin; Cyrus Cooper; Tara C. Coppinger; Lorraine S. Cordeiro; Eva Corpeleijn; Lilia Yadira Cortés; Cojocaru R. Cosmin; Simona Costanzo; Melanie J. Cowan; Chris Cowell; Cora L. Craig; Amelia C. Crampin; Haddy Crookes; Amanda J. Cross; Sarah Crozier; Ana B. Crujeiras; Juan J. Cruz; Tamás Csányi; Semánová Csilla; Alexandra M. Cucu; Liufu Cui; Felipe V. Cureau; Sarah Cuschieri; Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska; Graziella D’Arrigo; Eleonora d’Orsi; Haroldo da Silva-Ferreira; Alanna G. da Silva; Liliana Dacica; Tukur Dahiru; Christina C. Dahm; María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra; Jean Dallongeville; Albertino Damasceno; Camilla T. Damsgaard; Maryam S. Daneshpour; Rachel Dankner; Parasmani Dasgupta; Saeed Dastgiri; Luc Dauchet; Afonso de Almeida; Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos; Maria Alice Altenburg de Assis; Guy De Backer; Dirk De Bacquer; Jaco De Bacquer; Jeroen de Bont; Luigi G. De Filippis; Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig; Stefaan De Henauw; Pilar De Miguel-Etayo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Paula Duarte de Oliveira; Luz Maria De Regil; David De Ridder; Karin De Ridder; Susanne R. de Rooij; Ana Carolina M. G. N. de Sá; Delphine De Smedt; Thomas V. de Souza; Marco A. de Valois Correia Júnior; George Dedoussis; Mohan Deepa; Alexander D. Deev; Vincent DeGennaro; Francis Delpeuch; Stefaan Demarest; Elaine Dennison; Katarzyna Dereń; Valérie Deschamps; Ruslan D. Devrishov; Meghnath Dhimal; Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa; Alejandro Diaz; Francisco Diez-Canseco; Zivka Dika; Shirin Djalalinia; Visnja Djordjic; Ha T. P. Do; Annette J. Dobson; Liria Dominguez; Maria Benedetta Donati; Chiara Donfrancesco; Guanghui Dong; Li Dong; Yanhui Dong; Silvana P. Donoso; Cecilia Dorado-García; Angela Döring; Maria Dorobantu; Ahmad Reza Dorosty; Marcus Dörr; Nico Dragano; Wojciech Drygas; Shufa Du; Jia Li Duan; Charmaine A. Duante; Priscilla Duboz; Marina Duishenkulova; Vesselka L. Duleva; Virginija Dulskiene; Samuel C. Dumith; Anar Dushpanova; Terence Dwyer; Azhar Dyussupova; Vilnis Dzerve; Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk; Anna Dzielska; Narges Ebrahimi; Guadalupe Echeverría; Ricky Eddie; Ebrahim Eftekhar; Vasiliki Efthymiou; Eruke E. Egbagbe; Robert Eggertsen; Sareh Eghtesad; Gabriele Eiben; Ulf Ekelund; Mohammad El-Khateeb; Laila El Ammari; Jalila El Ati; Denise Eldemire-Shearer; Paul Elliott; Ofem Enang; Ronit Endevelt; Reina Engle-Stone; Jonas Englund; Rajiv T. Erasmus; Cihangir Erem; Gul Ergor; Louise Eriksen; Johan G. Eriksson; Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña; Ali Esmaeili; Vanesa España-Romero; Alun Evans; Roger G. Evans; David Faeh; Guy Fagherazzi; Noushin Fahimfar; Ildar Fakhradiyev; Albina A. Fakhretdinova; Caroline H. Fall; Elnaz Faramarzi; Mojtaba Farjam; Victoria Farrugia Sant’Angelo; Farshad Farzadfar; Yosef Farzi; Mohammad Reza Fattahi; Asher Fawwad; Wafaie W. Fawzi; Rosemarie Felder-Puig; Francisco J. Felix-Redondo; Trevor S. Ferguson; Romulo A. Fernandes; Daniel Fernández-Bergés; Desha R. Fernando; Rashida A. Ferrand; Daniel Ferrante; Thomas Ferrao; Gerson Ferrari; Marika Ferrari; Marco M. Ferrario; Catterina Ferreccio; Eldridge Ferrer; Jean Ferrieres; Thamara Hubler Figueiró; Anna Fijalkowska; Mauro Fisberg; Krista Fischer; Malang N. Fofana; Maria Forsner; Edward F. Fottrell; Heba M. Fouad; Damian K. Francis; Maria do Carmo Franco; Zlatko Fras; Brooklyn Fraser; Guillermo Frontera; Flavio D. Fuchs; Sandra C. Fuchs; Yuki Fujita; Matsuda Fumihiko; Viktoriya Furdela; Takuro Furusawa; Zbigniew Gaciong; Lutfi Gafarov; Mihai Gafencu; Sonya V. Galcheva; Henrike Galenkamp; Daniela Galeone; Myriam Galfo; Fabio Galvano; Jingli Gao; Chandalene Garabwan; Natalia García-Corada; Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera; Marta García Solano; Dickman Gareta; Sarah P. Garnett; Jean-Michel Gaspoz; Magda Gasull; Victoria Gauthier; Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya; Anelise Reis Gaya; Andrea Gazzinelli; Ulrike Gehring; Johanna M. Geleijnse; Ronnie George; Eva Gerdts; Ibrahim D. Gezawa; Ebrahim Ghaderi; Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari; Ali Ghanbari; Asghar Ghasemi; Erfan Ghasemi; Hala Ghattas; Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea; Simona Giampaoli; Francesco Gianfagna; Christian Gieger; Tiffany K. Gill; Ntombifuthi Ginindza; Jonathan Giovannelli; Glen Gironella; Aleksander Giwercman; Konstantinos Gkiouras; Natalya Glushkova; Ramesh Godara; Keith M. Godfrey; Justyna Godos; Sibel Gogen; Marcel Goldberg; David Goltzman; Georgina Gómez; Luis F. Gomez; Santiago F. Gómez; Aleksandra Gomula; Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva; Helen Gonçalves; Mauer Gonçalves; Ana D. González-Alvarez; David A. Gonzalez-Chica; Esther M. González-Gil; Marcela Gonzalez-Gross; Margot González-Leon; Juan P. González-Rivas; Angel R. Gonzalez; Frederic Gottrand; Antonio Pedro Graça; Dušan Grafnetter; Aneta Grajda; Maria G. Grammatikopoulou; Andriene Grant; Ronald D. Gregor; Maria João Gregório; Anne Sameline Grimsgaard; Else Karin Grøholt; Anders Grøntved; Giuseppe Grosso; Dongfeng Gu; Viviana Guajardo; Emanuela Gualdi-Russo; Pilar Guallar-Castillón; Elias F. Gudmundsson; Vilmundur Gudnason; Maëlenn Guerchet; Ramiro Guerrero; Idris Guessous; Andre L. Guimaraes; Unjali P. Gujral; Martin C. Gulliford; Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir; Marc J. Gunter; Xiu-Hua Guo; Yin Guo; Prakash C. Gupta; Preeti Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Oye Gureje; Mirjana A. Gurinović; Enrique Gutiérrez González; Laura Gutierrez; Felix Gutzwiller; Mònica Guxens; Xinyi Gwee; Seongjun Ha; Farzad Hadaegh; Charalambos A. Hadjigeorgiou; Rosa Haghshenas; Gahraman Hagverdiyev; Hamid Hakimi; Jytte Halkjær; Sameh S. Hallaq; Ian R. Hambleton; Behrooz Hamzeh; Dominique Hange; Abu A. M. Hanif; Sari Hantunen; Jie Hao; Carla Menêses Hardman; Louise Hardy; Tina Harmer Lassen; Javad Harooni; Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri; Mitra Hasheminia; Maria Hassapidou; Jun Hata; Teresa Haugsgjerd; Chika Hayashi; Alison J. Hayes; Jiang He; Yuan He; Yuna He; Mehdi Hedayati; Regina Heidinger-Felső; Margit Heier; Mirjam Heinen; Tatjana Hejgaard; Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks; Rafael dos Santos Henrique; Ana Henriques; Leticia Hernandez Cadena; Sauli Herrala; Marianella Herrera-Cuenca; Victor M. Herrera; Isabelle Herter-Aeberli; Karl-Heinz Herzig; Ramin Heshmat; Barbara Heude; Allan G. Hill; Sai Yin Ho; Michael Hobbs; Doroteia A. Höfelmann; Michelle Holdsworth; Reza Homayounfar; Clara Homs; Emiel O. Hoogendijk; Wilma M. Hopman; Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto; Claudia M. Hormiga; Bernardo L. Horta; Farhad Hosseinpanah; Leila Houti; Christina Howitt; Thein Thein Htay; Aung Soe Htet; Maung Maung Than Htike; Yonghua Hu; José María Huerta; Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi; Laetitia Huiart; Constanta Huidumac Petrescu; Martijn Huisman; Abdullatif S. Husseini; Chinh Nguyen Huu; Inge Huybrechts; Nahla Hwalla; Jolanda Hyska; Licia Iacoviello; Ellina M. Iakupova; Jesús M. Ibarluzea; Norazizah Ibrahim Wong; Jannicke Igland; Chinwuba Ijoma; Edolem Ikerdeu; M. Arfan Ikram; Carmen Iñiguez; Violeta Iotova; Maybelline Joy B. Ipil; Vilma E. Irazola; Takafumi Ishida; Godsent C. Isiguzo; Muhammad Islam; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Duygu Islek; Ivaila Y. Ivanova-Pandourska; Masanori Iwasaki; Tuija Jääskeläinen; Rod T. Jackson; Jeremy M. Jacobs; Michel Jadoul; Tazeen H. Jafar; Kenneth James; Konrad Jamrozik; Nataša Jan; Anna Jansson; Imre Janszky; Edward Janus; Juel Jarani; Gerald Jarnig; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Grazyna Jasienska; Ana Jelaković; Bojan Jelaković; Garry Jennings; A. M. Jibo; Ramon O. Jimenez; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Michel Joffres; Jari J. Jokelainen; Jost B. Jonas; Lars Jøran Kjerpeseth; Torben Jørgensen; Rohina Joshi; Josipa Josipović; Farahnaz Joukar; Pekka Jousilahti; Jacek J. Jóźwiak; Debra S. Judge; Anne Juolevi; Gregor Jurak; Iulia Jurca Simina; Vesna Juresa; Rudolf Kaaks; Niina E. Kaartinen; Felix O. Kaducu; Agnes L. Kadvan; Anthony Kafatos; Maria Kafyra; Mónika Kaj; Eero O. Kajantie; Sree Ramakrishna Kakani; Bernard Kakuhikire; Natia Kakutia; Daniela Kállayová; Zhanna Kalmatayeva; Natasa Kalpourtzi; Ofra Kalter-Leibovici; Yves Kameli; Kodanda R. Kanala; Srinivasan Kannan; Efthymios Kapantais; Anna Kapustina; Eva Karaglani; Line L. Kårhus; Khem B. Karki; Omat Karlsson; Adoubi Kassi Anicet; Philippe B. Katchunga; Marzieh Katibeh; Prasad Katulanda; Joanne Katz; Peter T. Katzmarzyk; Jussi Kauhanen; Prabhdeep Kaur; Maryam Kavousi; Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva; François F. Kaze; Benson M. Kazembe; Calvin Ke; Youzhi Ke; Ulrich Keil; Lital Keinan Boker; Sirkka M. Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi; Roya Kelishadi; Cecily Kelleher; Han C. G. Kemper; Maryam Keramati; Mathilde Kersting; Bobby Kgosiemang; Yousef Saleh Khader; Kazem Khalagi; Arsalan Khaledifar; Davood Khalili; Bahareh Kheiri; Motahareh Kheradmand; Irina V. Khorosheva; Alireza Khosravi Farsani; Ilse M. S. L. Khouw; Saeed Khwaja Mir Islam; Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer; Stefan Kiechl; Japhet Killewo; Hyeon Chang Kim; Jenny M. Kindblom; Heidi Klakk; Suntara Klanarong; Jana Klanova; Magdalena Klimek; Jurate Klumbiene; Michael Knoflach; Susanne Kobel; Maciej Kochman; Bhawesh Koirala; Sweta Koirala; Elin Kolle; Sanda M. Kolo; Patrick Kolsteren; Jürgen König; Päivikki Koponen; Raija Korpelainen; Paul Korrovits; Magdalena Korzycka; Jelena Kos; Seppo Koskinen; Katsuyasu Kouda; Malik Koussoh Simone; Éva Kovács; Viktoria Anna Kovacs; Irina Kovalskys; Sudhir Kowlessur; Slawomir Koziel; Jana Kratenova; Wolfgang Kratzer; Vilma Kriaucioniene; Susi Kriemler; Peter Lund Kristensen; Helena Krizan; Maria F. Kroker-Lobos; Steinar Krokstad; Daan Kromhout; Herculina S. Kruger; Ruan Kruger; Łukasz Kryst; Ruzena Kubinova; Renata Kuciene; Urho M. Kujala; Enisa Kujundzic; Zbigniew Kulaga; Mukhtar Kulimbet; Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan; Richard Kumapley; R. Krishna Kumar; Meena Kumari; Marie Kunešová; Yadlapalli S. Kusuma; Vladimir Kutsenko; Kari Kuulasmaa; Catherine Kyobutungi; Quang Ngoc La; Fatima Zahra Laamiri; Demetre Labadarios; Idoia Labayen; Carl Lachat; Karl J. Lackner; Jouni Lahti; Daphne Lai; Wai Kent Lai; Youcef Laid; Lachmie Lall; Ecosse L. Lamoureux; Maritza Landaeta Jimenez; Edwige Landais; Anne Langsted; Tiina Lankila; Vera Lanska; Georg Lappas; Bagher Larijani; Mina P. Lateva; Tint Swe Latt; Martino Laurenzi; María Lazo-Porras; Gwenaëlle Le Coroller; Khanh Le Nguyen Bao; Agnès Le Port; Tuyen D. Le; Jeannette Lee; Paul H. Lee; Terho Lehtimäki; Daniel Lemogoum; David A. Leon; Elvynna Leong; Aitana Lertxundi; Nerea Lertxundi; Branimir Leskošek; Justyna Leszczak; Katja B. Leth-Møller; Gabriel M. Leung; Esko Levälahti; Sergey P. Levushkin; Yanping Li; Merike Liivak; Christa L. Lilly; Charlie Lim; Wei-Yen Lim; Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa; Yi-Jing Lin; Lars Lind; Vijaya Lingam; Birgit Linkohr; Allan Linneberg; Jakob Linseisen; Lauren Lissner; Mieczyslaw Litwin; Jing Liu; Lijuan Liu; Liping Liu; Xiaotian Liu; Yang Liu; Sabrina Llop; Wei-Cheng Lo; Helle-Mai Loit; Ayesha Lokubalasooriya; Khuong Quynh Long; Carla Lopes; Luis Lopes; Marcus V. V. Lopes; Oscar Lopes; Esther Lopez-Garcia; José Francisco López-Gil; Tania Lopez; Paulo A. Lotufo; José-Eugenio Lozano-Alonso; Gabriel Lozano-Berges; Janice L. Lukrafka; Dalia Luksiene; María Delia Luna; Annamari Lundqvist; Nuno Lunet; Charles Lunogelo; Michala Lustigová; Edyta Łuszczki; Jean-René M’Buyamba-Kabangu; Guansheng Ma; Jun Ma; Xu Ma; George L. L. Machado-Coelho; Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues; Enguerran Macia; Luisa M. Macieira; Ahmed A. Madar; Sherilynn Madraisau; Anja L. Madsen; Gladys E. Maestre; Stefania Maggi; Dianna J. Magliano; Emmanuella Magriplis; Gowri Mahasampath; Bernard Maire; Marjeta Majer; Marcia Makdisse; Päivi Mäki; Mohammad-Reza Malekpour; Fatemeh Malekzadeh; Reza Malekzadeh; Rahul Malhotra; Laurent Malisoux; Sofia K. Malyutina; Lynell V. Maniego; Yannis Manios; Jim I. Mann; Satu Männistö; Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei; Taru Manyanga; Enzo Manzato; Mala Ali Mapatano; Anie Marcil; Francisco Mardones; Paula Margozzini; Joany Mariño; Mihaela Marinović Glavić; Anastasia Markaki; Oonagh Markey; Josko Markic; Eliza Markidou Ioannidou; Pedro Marques-Vidal; Larissa Pruner Marques; Jaume Marrugat; Dries Martens; Yves Martin-Prevel; Rosemarie Martin; Borja Martinez-Tellez; Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno; Reynaldo Martorell; Eva Martos; Fatai A. Maruf; Katharina Maruszczak; Stefano Marventano; Giovanna Masala; Luis P. Mascarenhas; Mannix Masimango Imani; Masoud Masinaei; Ellisiv B. Mathiesen; Prashant Mathur; Alicia Matijasevich; Piotr Matłosz; Tandi E. Matsha; Victor Matsudo; Giletta Matteo; Pallab K. Maulik; Christina Mavrogianni; Artur Mazur; Camille M. Mba; Shelly R. McFarlane; Stephen T. McGarvey; Keeley McGee; Martin McKee; Rachael M. McLean; Scott B. McLean; Breige A. McNulty; Sounnia Mediene Benchekor; Jurate Medzioniene; Kirsten Mehlig; Vrinda Mehra; Amir Houshang Mehrparvar; Jørgen Meisfjord; Christine Meisinger; Jesus D. Melgarejo; Marina Melkumova; Júlio B. Mello; Sofia Mendes; Fabián Méndez; Carlos O. Mendivil; Ana Maria B. Menezes; Geetha R. Menon; Gert B. M. Mensink; Maria Teresa Menzano; Indrapal I. Meshram; Diane T. Meto; Haakon E. Meyer; Jie Mi; Kim F. Michaelsen; Nathalie Michels; Kairit Mikkel; Jelena P. Milešević; Jody C. Miller; Olga Milushkina; Cláudia S. Minderico; G. K. Mini; Juan Francisco Miquel; Mohammad Reza Mirjalili; Daphne Mirkopoulou; Parvin Mirmiran; Masoud Mirzaei; Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković; Antonio Mistretta; Veronica Mocanu; Ana Mocumbi; Pietro A. Modesti; Jobe Modou; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Shukri F. Mohamed; Kazem Mohammad; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Zahra Mohammadi; Noushin Mohammadifard; Viswanathan Mohan; Sherina Mohd Sidik; Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff; Iraj Mohebbi; Diego Moliner Urdiales; Line T. Møllehave; Niels C. Møller; Dénes Molnár; Amirabbas Momenan; Charles K. Mondo; Rafael Monge-Rojas; Michele M. Monroy-Valle; Roger A. Montenegro Mendoza; Eric Monterrubio-Flores; Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki; Jin Soo Moon; Mahmood Moosazadeh; Hermine T. Mopa; Farhad Moradpour; Leila B. Moreira; Alain Morejon; Luis A. Moreno; Francis Morey; Karen Morgan; Suzanne N. Morin; Erik Lykke Mortensen; George Moschonis; Alireza Moslem; Mildrey Mosquera; Malgorzata Mossakowska; Aya Mostafa; Seyed-Ali Mostafavi; Anabela Mota-Pinto; Eugen Mota; Jorge Mota; Maria Mota; Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh; Jorge Motta; Robert Moumakwa; Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos; Yeva Movsesyan; Malay K. Mridha; Kelias P. Msyamboza; Alicia Mtijasevich; Thet Thet Mu; Magdalena Muc; Florian Muca; Boban Mugoša; Maria L. Muiesan; Martina Müller-Nurasyid; Patricia B. Munroe; Adrià Muntaner-Mas; Thomas Münzel; Molly M. Murphy; Celine Murrin; Jaakko Mursu; Elaine M. Murtagh; Kamarul Imran Musa; Sanja Musić Milanović; Vera Musil; Geofrey Musinguzi; Muel Telo M. C. Muyer; Iraj Nabipour; Gabriele Nagel; Farid Najafi; Harunobu Nakamura; Hanna Nalecz; Jana Námešná; Ei Ei K. Nang; Vinay B. Nangia; Martin Nankap; Sameer Narake; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Paola Nardone; Take Naseri; Tim Nawrot; William A. Neal; Nareemarn Neelapaichit; Mayssam Nehme; Azim Nejatizadeh; Ilona Nenko; Martin Neovius; Flavio Nervi; Olena Nesterova; Dinesh Neupane; Tze Pin Ng; Chung T. Nguyen; Nguyen D. Nguyen; Quang Ngoc Nguyen; Michael Y. Ni; Rodica Nicolescu; Peng Nie; Ramfis E. Nieto-Martínez; Yury P. Nikitin; Guang Ning; Toshiharu Ninomiya; Nobuo Nishi; Sania Nishtar; Marianna Noale; Oscar A. Noboa; Helena Nogueira; Maria Nordendahl; Børge G. Nordestgaard; Kevin I. Norton; Davide Noto; Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska; Mohannad Al Nsour; Irfan Nuhoğlu; Eha Nurk; Fred Nuwaha; Moffat Nyirenda; Terence W. O’Neill; Dermot O’Reilly; Galina Obreja; Caleb Ochimana; Angélica M. Ochoa-Avilés; Eiji Oda; Augustine N. Odili; Kyungwon Oh; Kumiko Ohara; Claes Ohlsson; Ryutaro Ohtsuka; Örn Olafsson; Brian Oldenburg; Maria Teresa A. Olinto; Isabel O. Oliveira; Mohd Azahadi Omar; Saeed M. Omar; Altan Onat; Sok King Ong; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret; Lariane M. Ono; Obinna Onodugo; Pedro Ordunez; Rui Ornelas; Francisco B. Ortega; Ana P. Ortiz; Pedro J. Ortiz; Merete Osler; Clive Osmond; Sergej M. Ostojic; Afshin Ostovar; Johanna A. Otero; Charlotte B. Ottendahl; Akaninyene Otu; Kim Overvad; Ellis Owusu-Dabo; Adetoyeje Y. Oyeyemi; Adewale L. Oyeyemi; Fred Michel Paccaud; Cristina P. Padez; Ioannis Pagkalos; Marat Pahimov; Elena Pahomova; Karina Mary de Paiva; Andrzej Pająk; Natalja Pajula; Alberto Palloni; Luigi Palmieri; Demosthenes Panagiotakos; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Arvind Pandey; Zengchang Pang; Francesco Panza; Antonio Paoli; Mariela Paoli; Sousana K. Papadopoulou; Dimitrios Papandreou; Rossina G. Pareja; Suvi Parikka; Soon-Woo Park; Suyeon Park; Winsome R. Parnell; Mahboubeh Parsaeian; Ionela M. Pascanu; Patrick Pasquet; Chona F. Patalen; Roengrudee Patanavanich; Nikhil D. Patel; Marcos Pattussi; Halyna Pavlyshyn; Raimund Pechlaner; Ivan Pećin; Dorthe C. Pedersen; Mangesh S. Pednekar; João M. Pedro; Ana B. Peinado; Sergio Viana Peixoto; Markku Peltonen; Guillem Pera; Alexandre C. Pereira; Marco A. Peres; Napoleon Perez-Farinos; Agustín Perez-Londoño; Cynthia M. Pérez; Markus Perola; Valentina Peterkova; Annette Peters; Janina Petkeviciene; Ausra Petrauskiene; Olga Petrovna Kovtun; Emanuela Pettenuzzo; Niloofar Peykari; Norbert Pfeiffer; Son Thai Pham; Felix P. Phiri; Rafael N. Pichardo; Preux Pierre-Marie; Iris Pigeot; Hynek Pikhart; Aida Pilav; Pavel Piler; Lorenza Pilotto; Francesco Pistelli; Freda Pitakaka; Aleksandra Piwonska; Andreia N. Pizarro; Pedro Plans-Rubió; Alina G. Platonova; Bee Koon Poh; Hermann Pohlabeln; Raluca M. Pop; Barry M. Popkin; Stevo R. Popovic; Miquel Porta; Georg Posch; Anil Poudyal; Dimitrios Poulimeneas; Hamed Pouraram; Farhad Pourfarzi; Akram Pourshams; Hossein Poustchi; Dorairaj Prabhakaran; Rajendra Pradeepa; Andrew Prentice; Alison J. Price; Jacqueline F. Price; Antonio Prista; Rui Providencia; Jardena J. Puder; Iveta Pudule; Soile Puhakka; Maria Puiu; Margus Punab; Muhammed S. Qadir; Radwan F. Qasrawi; Qing Qiao; Mostafa Qorbani; Anna Quialheiro; Hedley K. Quintana; Pedro J. Quiroga-Padilla; Tran Quoc Bao; Stefan Rach; Maria-Victoria Racu; Ivana Radic; Ricardas Radisauskas; Salar Rahimikazerooni; Mahfuzar Rahman; Mahmudur Rahman; Olli Raitakari; Manu Raj; Tamerlan Rajabov; Sherali Rakhmatulloev; Ivo Rakovac; Sudha Ramachandra Rao; Ambady Ramachandran; Otim P. C. Ramadan; Virgílio V. Ramires; Manuel Ramirez-Zea; Jacqueline Ramke; Elisabete Ramos; Rafel Ramos; Lekhraj Rampal; Sanjay Rampal; Sheena E. Ramsay; João F. L. B. Rangel Junior; Lalka S. Rangelova; Harish Ranjani; Ravindra P. Rannan-Eliya; João F. Raposo; Patricia Rarau; Vayia Rarra; Ramon A. Rascon-Pacheco; Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi; Cassiano Ricardo Rech; Cristina Recuero Carretero; Josep Redon; Valéria Regecová; Jane D. P. Renner; Judit A. Repasy; Cézane P. Reuter; Luis Revilla; Andrew Reynolds; Negar Rezaei; Abbas Rezaianzadeh; Yeunsook Rho; Lourdes Ribas-Barba; Robespierre Ribeiro; Rogério T. Ribeiro; Elio Riboli; Fernando Rigo; Attilio Rigotti; Leanne M. Riley; Natascia Rinaldo; Tobias F. Rinke de Wit; Ulf Risérus; Ana I. Rito; Raphael M. Ritti-Dias; Juan A. Rivera; Reina G. Roa; Romana Roccaldo; Daniela Rodrigues; Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo; Manuel A. Rodríguez-Pérez; María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez; Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar; Andrea Y. Rodríguez; Ulla Roggenbuck; Peter Rohloff; Fabian Rohner; Rosalba Rojas-Martinez; Gemma Rojo-Martínez; Nipa Rojroongwasinkul; Almudena Rollán Gordo; Dora Romaguera; Elisabetta L. Romeo; Gil B. Rosa; Rafaela V. Rosario; Annika Rosengren; Ian Rouse; Vanessa Rouzier; Joel G. R. Roy; Maira Ruano Estrada; Maira H. Ruano; Adolfo Rubinstein; Frank J. Rühli; Jean-Bernard Ruidavets; Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt; Maria Ruiz-Castell; Emma Ruiz Moreno; Iuliia A. Rusakova; Wojciech Rusek; Kenisha Russell Jonsson; Paola Russo; Petra Rust; Marcin Rutkowski; Katri Sääksjärvi; Marge Saamel; Crizian G. Saar; Charumathi Sabanayagam; Kalpana Sabapathy; Hamideh Sabbaghi; Shaun Sabico; Harshpal S. Sachdev; Alireza Sadjadi; Ali Reza Safarpour; Sare Safi; Mohammad Hossien Saghi; Olfa Saidi; Calogero Saieva; Satoko Sakata; Nader Saki; Sanja Šalaj; Benoit Salanave; Eduardo Salazar Martinez; Akkumis Salkhanova; Diego Salmerón; Veikko Salomaa; Jukka T. Salonen; Massimo Salvetti; Margarita Samoutian; Jose Sánchez-Abanto; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado; Mairena Sánchez-López; Joaquin Sanchis-Moysi; Susana Sans; Loreto Santa-Marina; Ethel Santacruz Lezcano; Diana A. Santos; Ina S. Santos; Lèlita C. Santos; Maria Paula Santos; Osvaldo Santos; Palmira Santos; Rute Santos; Tamara R. Santos; Vonthanak Saphonn; Jouko L. Saramies; Luis B. Sardinha; Nizal Sarrafzadegan; Yoko Sato; Kai-Uwe Saum; Stefan Savin; Savvas Savva; Mathilde Savy; Norie Sawada; Mariana Sbaraini; Marcia Scazufca; Beatriz D. Schaan; Angelika Schaffrath Rosario; Herman Schargrodsky; Karin Schindler; Amand Floriaan Schmidt; Börge Schmidt; Carsten O. Schmidt; Andrea Schneider; Peter Schnohr; Catherine Mary Schooling; Ben Schöttker; Sara Schramm; Stine Schramm; Helmut Schröder; Constance Schultsz; Gry Schultz; Matthias B. Schulze; Aletta E. Schutte; Moslem Sedaghattalab; Rusidah Selamat; Abhijit Sen; Idowu O. Senbanjo; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Guillermo Sequera; Luis Serra-Majem; Jennifer Servais; Ľudmila Ševčíková; Ronel Sewpaul; Svetlana A. Shalnova; Teresa Shamah-Levy; Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran; Shubash Shander; Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani; Maryam Sharafkhah; Sanjib K. Sharma; Almaz Sharman; Jonathan E. Shaw; Amaneh Shayanrad; Ali Akbar Shayesteh; Nurzhamal Sheisheeva; Ching-Fen Shen; Lela Shengelia; Kenji Shibuya; Hana Shimizu-Furusawa; Tal Shimony; Avi Shina; Igor D. Shkrobanets; Marat Shoranov; Khairil Si-Ramlee; Alfonso Siani; Abla M. Sibai; Labros S. Sidossis; Mark J. Siedner; Natalia Silitrari; Antonio M. Silva; Caroline Ramos de Moura Silva; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Kelly Samara Silva; Xueling Sim; Mary Simon; Judith Simons; Leon A. Simons; Ivan Simunovic; Agneta Sjöberg; Michael Sjöström; Elena V. Skoblina; Natalia A. Skoblina; Tatyana Slazhnyova; Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer; Przemysław Slusarczyk; Liam Smeeth; Lee Smith; Hung-Kwan So; Fernanda Cunha Soares; Grzegorz Sobek; Eugène Sobngwi; Morten Sodemann; Stefan Söderberg; Moesijanti Y. E. Soekatri; Agustinus Soemantri; Raquel Soler-Blasco; Vincenzo Solfrizzi; Yuliya V. Solovieva; Mohammad Hossein Somi; Emily Sonestedt; Sajid Soofi; Thorkild I. A. Sørensen; Elin P. Sørgjerd; Victoria E. Soto-Rojas; Aïcha Soumaré; Alfonso Sousa-Poza; Mafalda Sousa-Uva; Mam Sovatha; Agnieszka Sozańska; Bente Sparboe-Nilsen; Karen Sparrenberger; Vita Speckauskiene; Phoebe R. Spencer; Angela Spinelli; Igor Spiroski; Jan A. Staessen; Aleksandra Stamenova; Hanspeter Stamm; Laura Stanciulescu; Andreas Stang; Kaspar Staub; Bill Stavreski; Jostein Steene-Johannessen; Peter Stehle; Aryeh D. Stein; Silje Steinsbekk; George S. Stergiou; Jochanan Stessman; Jutta Stieber; Doris Stöckl; Jakub Stokwiszewski; Katarzyna Stoś; Ekaterina Stoyanova; Gareth Stratton; Karien Stronks; Maria Wany Strufaldi; Lela Sturua; Milton F. Suarez-Ortegón; Phalakorn Suebsamran; Mindy S. Sugiyama; Machi Suka; Gerhard Sulo; Malin Sund; Johan Sundström; Yn-Tz Sung; Jordi Sunyer; Unursaikhan Surenjav; Paibul Suriyawongpaisal; Kitti Susovits; Nabil William G. Sweis; Boyd A. Swinburn; René Charles Sylva; Unni Syversen; Lucjan Szponar; Yasuharu Tabara; Lorraine Tabone; E. Shyong Tai; Konstantinos D. Tambalis; Mari-Liis Tammesoo; Abdonas Tamosiunas; Eng Joo Tan; Baimakhan Tanabayev; Nikhil Tandon; Xun Tang; Maya Tanrygulyyeva; Frank Tanser; Yong Tao; Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh; Jakob Tarp; Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani; Radka Taxová Braunerová; Anne Taylor; Félicité Tchibindat; Saskia Te Velde; William R. Tebar; Fahimeh R. Tehrani; Grethe S. Tell; Tania Tello; Masresha Tessema; Lukas Teufl; Yih Chung Tham; K. R. Thankappan; Holger Theobald; Xenophon Theodoridis; Sathish Thirunavukkarasu; Nihal Thomas; Barbara Thorand; Amanda G. Thrift; Ľubica Tichá; Erik J. Timmermans; Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini; Anne Tjonneland; Ervin Toçi; Maryam Tohidi; Hanna K. Tolonen; Janne S. Tolstrup; Maciej Tomaszewski; Murat Topbas; Roman Topór-Mądry; Pere Torán-Monserrat; Liv Elin Torheim; Michael J. Tornaritis; Maties Torrent; Laura Torres-Collado; Duarte Torres; Silvia Torres; Stefania Toselli; Giota Touloumi; Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues; Pierre Traissac; Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran; Mark S. Tremblay; Areti Triantafyllou; Antonia Trichopoulou; Oanh T. H. Trinh; Justina Trišauskė; Atul Trivedi; Alexander C. Tsai; Lechaba Tshepo; Thomas Tsiampalis; Maria Tsigga; Panagiotis Tsintavis; Shoichiro Tsugane; John Tuitele; Azaliia M. Tuliakova; Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid; Fikru Tullu; Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Maria L. Turley; Gilad Twig; Per Tynelius; Evangelia Tzala; Themistoklis Tzotzas; Christophe Tzourio; Nwannedimma Udoji; Peter Ueda; Eunice Ugel; Flora A. M. Ukoli; Hanno Ulmer; Belgin Unal; Zhamyila Usupova; Hannu M. T. Uusitalo; Nalan Uysal; Sergio Valdes; Gonzalo Valdivia; Susana Vale; Popov I. Valery; Majid Valizadeh; Damaskini Valvi; Rob M. van Dam; Bert-Jan van den Born; Johan Van der Heyden; Yvonne T. van der Schouw; Koen Van Herck; Wendy Van Lippevelde; Hoang Van Minh; Natasja M. Van Schoor; Irene G. M. van Valkengoed; Dirk Vanderschueren; Diego Vanuzzo; Anette Varbo; Gregorio Varela-Moreiras; Luz Nayibe Vargas; Senthil K. Vasan; Daniel G. Vasques; Radu Vatasescu; Tomas Vega; Toomas Veidebaum; Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez; Biruta Velika; Michel Velten; Charlotte Verdot; Maïté Verloigne; Giovanni Veronesi; W. M. Monique Verschuren; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez; Cesar G. Victora; Josep Vidal-Conti; Giovanni Viegi; Lucie Viet; Frøydis N. Vik; Monica Vilar; Salvador Villalpando; Luis Villarroel; Jesus Vioque; Napaphan Viriyautsahakul; Jyrki K. Virtanen; Marjolein Visser; Bharathi Viswanathan; Chiranthika Vithana; Mihaela Vladulescu; Tiina Vlasoff; Peter Vollenweider; Henry Völzke; Georgia Vourli; Ari Voutilainen; Martine Vrijheid; Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte; Silvije Vuletić; Alisha N. Wade; Wakenge Wakilongo; Thomas Waldhör; Janette Walton; Elvis O. A. Wambiya; Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar; Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud; Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior; Chongjian Wang; Huijun Wang; Ningli Wang; Qian Wang; Xiangjun Wang; Ya Xing Wang; Yi-Ren Wang; S. Goya Wannamethee; Nicholas Wareham; Olivia Wartha; Adelheid Weber; Karen Webster-Kerr; Niels Wedderkopp; Daniel Weghuber; Li Wei; Wenbin Wei; Aneta Weres; Bo Werner; Leo D. Westbury; Peter H. Whincup; Lars Wichstrøm; Kremlin Wickramasinghe; Kurt Widhalm; Indah S. Widyahening; Andrzej Więcek; Nilmini Wijemunige; Philipp S. Wild; Rainford J. Wilks; Johann Willeit; Karin Willeit; Peter Willeit; Julianne Williams; Tom Wilsgaard; James P. Wirth; Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej; Bogdan Wojtyniak; Meseret Woldeyohannes; Kathrin Wolf; Roy A. Wong-McClure; Andrew Wong; Emily B. Wong; Jyh Eiin Wong; Mark Woodward; Agnieszka E. Woźniak; Frederick C. Wu; Hon-Yen Wu; Jianfeng Wu; Li Juan Wu; Shouling Wu; Justyna Wyszyńska; Haiquan Xu; Liang Xu; Can Can Xue; Nor Azwany Yaacob; Uruwan Yamborisut; Li Yan; Lily D. Yan; Weili Yan; Ling Yang; Xiaoguang Yang; Yang Yang; Nazan Yardim; Chao-Yu Yeh; Martha Yépez García; Panayiotis K. Yiallouros; Agneta Yngve; Chandra Mandil Yogal; Moein Yoosefi; Akihiro Yoshihara; Yoto Yotov; Qi Sheng You; Yu-Ling Yu; Yunjiang Yu; Safiah Md Yusof; Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff; Luciana Zaccagni; Vassilis Zafiropulos; Ahmad A. Zainuddin; Farhad Zamani; Sabina Zambon; Antonis Zampelas; Hana Zamrazilová; Maria Elisa Zapata; Tomasz Zatoński; Ko Ko Zaw; Ayman A. Zayed; Tomasz Zdrojewski; Magdalena Żegleń; Kristyna Zejglicova; Girum Zeleke; Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic; Yi Zeng; Andrea Zentai; Bing Zhang; Luxia Zhang; Zhen-Yu Zhang; Dong Zhao; Ming-Hui Zhao; Wenhua Zhao; Yanitsa V. Zhecheva; Wei Zheng; Bekbolat Zholdin; Maigeng Zhou; Dan Zhu; Oleg F. Zhukov; Sophia Zollner-Kiechl; Paul Zimmet; Marie Zins; Emanuel Zitt; Yanina Zocalo; Julio Zuñiga Cisneros; Monika Zuziak; Majid Ezzati; Brito, Miguel
Global reporting of obesity is commonly based on comparisons over multiple decades1 and lacks a granular and systematic analysis of its dynamics. We used 4,050 population-based studies with measured height and weight data on 232 million participants to assess the worldwide dynamics of obesity from 1980 to 2024. The rise in obesity decelerated in school-aged children and adolescents throughout the 1990s in many high-income countries, and subsequently plateaued in most at age-standardized prevalences spanning 20 percentage points, from 3-4% for girls in Japan, Denmark, and France to 23% for boys in the USA. There were indications of a small decline in obesity in children and adolescents in some high-income western countries (for example, Italy, Portugal, and France) since the 2000s. Similar trends were seen in some countries in Central and Eastern Europe. In adults, the rise in obesity slowed down in high-income western countries about a decade after children, followed by a plateau or possibly a small reversal of the rise in some countries (for example, Spain). In most low- and middle-income countries, the annual absolute change in prevalence has remained stable or increased over time, even though prevalence has surpassed that of high-income countries. These highly varied dynamics suggest that the social, economic, and technological trends that influence the availability, affordability, and use of different foods may have helped control the rise in obesity in high-income countries, but require policy interventions in low-income and middle-income countries.