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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho de trabalho final de mestrado tem como objetivo a otimização de um sistema integrado em instalações frigoríficas e de AVAC, utilizando amoníaco (NH3) como fluido natural, devido ao seu baixo impacto ambiental e alta eficiência energética. O estudo foi realizado com base numa instalação comercial grossista e a retalho, localizada em Luanda, Angola, uma região caracterizada por um clima quente e húmido, onde foi necessário requalificar a instalação frigorífica existente e integrá-la com o sistema AVAC, visando uma melhoria da performance e redução do consumo energético. O foco principal deste trabalho foi a melhoria da performance energética do sistema, atendendo às novas exigências impostas pelo regulamento F-GAS, que promove a redução dos gases fluorados com efeito de estufa. Ao utilizar amoníaco, o projeto não só cumpre os requisitos legais, como também diminui o impacto ambiental da instalação, sem comprometer a eficiência térmica. Foram analisados os sistemas existentes, as condições de operação da instalação e os desafios técnicos impostos pela localização e pelas características da superfície comercial. Tendo estes passados de um COP de 2.0 nos sistemas de refrigeração e congelação para um COP de 3.16 no mesmo sistema e o sistema integrado ter atingido os 3.52 de COP em regime nominal. Através da integração dos sistemas de refrigeração e climatização, foi possível otimizar o consumo energético, garantir um melhor controlo das condições internas do edifício. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a implementação de sistemas integrados com amoníaco pode ser uma solução eficiente e sustentável, com benefícios a nível de performance energética. Este estudo contribui para o desenvolvimento de soluções mais eficazes no campo da refrigeração industrial e climatização, servindo como modelo de referência para futuras aplicações.
Abstract This final master's thesis aims to optimise an integrated system in refrigeration and HVAC installations, using ammonia (NH3) as a natural fluid, due to its low environmental impact and high energy efficiency. The study was carried out in a commercial wholesale and retail installation located in Luanda, Angola, a region characterised by a hot and humid climate, where it was necessary to upgrade the existing refrigeration installation and integrate it with the HVAC system, with the aim of improving performance and reducing energy consumption. The main focus of this work was to improve the energy performance of the system, taking into account the new requirements imposed by the F-GAS regulation, which promotes the reduction of fluorinated greenhouse gases. By using ammonia, the project not only fulfils the legal requirements, but also reduces the environmental impact of the installation, without compromising thermal efficiency. The existing systems, the operating conditions of the installation and the technical challenges posed by the location and characteristics of the commercial surface were analysed. These went from a COP of 2.0 in the refrigeration and freezing systems to a COP of 3.16 in the same system and the integrated system reached a COP of 3.52 at nominal speed. By integrating the refrigeration and air conditioning systems, it was possible to optimise energy consumption and ensure better control of the building's internal conditions. The results obtained show that implementing integrated systems with ammonia can be an efficient and sustainable solution, with benefits in terms of energy performance. This study contributes to the development of more effective solutions in the field of industrial refrigeration and air conditioning, serving as a reference model for future applications.
Abstract This final master's thesis aims to optimise an integrated system in refrigeration and HVAC installations, using ammonia (NH3) as a natural fluid, due to its low environmental impact and high energy efficiency. The study was carried out in a commercial wholesale and retail installation located in Luanda, Angola, a region characterised by a hot and humid climate, where it was necessary to upgrade the existing refrigeration installation and integrate it with the HVAC system, with the aim of improving performance and reducing energy consumption. The main focus of this work was to improve the energy performance of the system, taking into account the new requirements imposed by the F-GAS regulation, which promotes the reduction of fluorinated greenhouse gases. By using ammonia, the project not only fulfils the legal requirements, but also reduces the environmental impact of the installation, without compromising thermal efficiency. The existing systems, the operating conditions of the installation and the technical challenges posed by the location and characteristics of the commercial surface were analysed. These went from a COP of 2.0 in the refrigeration and freezing systems to a COP of 3.16 in the same system and the integrated system reached a COP of 3.52 at nominal speed. By integrating the refrigeration and air conditioning systems, it was possible to optimise energy consumption and ensure better control of the building's internal conditions. The results obtained show that implementing integrated systems with ammonia can be an efficient and sustainable solution, with benefits in terms of energy performance. This study contributes to the development of more effective solutions in the field of industrial refrigeration and air conditioning, serving as a reference model for future applications.
Description
Relatório de Estágio para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica, na Área de Especialização de Energia, Refrigeração e Climatização
Keywords
Otimização de performance Instalações frigoríficas Aquecimento Ventilação Ar condicionado F-GAS Performance optimization Refrigeration installations Heat Ventilation Air conditioner
Citation
ALMEIDA, Bruno Alexandre Ferreira – Otimização de sistema integrado em instalações frigoríficas e de AVAC, utilizando um fluido natural. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa. 2024. Dissertação de Mestrado.