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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Alterações da visão tornaram-se problemas de saúde pública de grande importância, identificados pela DGS e assinalados no Programa Nacional de Saúde da Visão. Estudos apontam para 3 a 4% das crianças com estrabismo, 20% com algum tipo de erro refrativo e a taxa de prevalência da ambliopia entre 1 e 2.5%. Quanto mais tarde estas alterações forem detetadas e tratadas mais difícil a recuperação total. Em outubro de 2017 foram realizados rastreios da visão nos Jardins de Infância pertencentes ao Agrupamento de Escolas Alto dos Moinhos, no Concelho de Sintra. Foi realizado um estudo transversal quantitativo, cujo objetivo geral era identificar a frequência de alterações da visão em crianças em idade pré-escolar. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados foram um protocolo de observação, em que se avaliava a acuidade visual, equilíbrio oculomotor, estereopsia e visão cromática, e um questionário para os encarregados de educação. Das 182 crianças inscritas foram observadas 171 com idades entre os 2 e os 6 anos, 55%(94) do género masculino e 45%(77) do feminino. Seis (3,5%) usavam correção óptica e 44(25,7%) apresentavam baixa de AV, destas em 28(16,4%) a diferença era de 2/10 ou mais entre os 2 olhos. O estrabismo foi detetado em 3,5% das crianças, estando associado a diminuições de AV de um ou dos 2 olhos, em 2/10 ou mais. A estereopsia encontra-se alterada em 23,4%(40) das crianças e a visão cromática com alterações em 1,8%(3). Mais de 50% das crianças nunca tinham feito uma observação da visão, no entanto 72,5%(124) dos pais manifestaram intenção de o fazer antes da criança ir para a escola. O rastreio revelou ser o método indicado à deteção precoce de problemas visuais e deveria fazer parte dos planos de intervenção nos cuidados de saúde primários.
ABSTRACT - Vision changes have become major public health problems identified by the DGS and in the National Vision Health Program. Studies indicate that there are 3-4% of children with strabismus, 20% had some type of refractive error and the prevalence of amblyopia is between 1 and 2.5%. The later these changes are detected and treated the more difficult is the full recovery. In October 2017, vision screening was carried out in the Kindergartens belonging to the Alto dos Moinhos School Group, in the Municipality of Sintra. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted, whose general objective was to identify the frequency of vision changes in pre-school children. The data collection instruments were an observation protocol, which evaluated visual acuity, oculomotor balance, stereopsis and color vision, and a questionnaire for the parents. Of the 182 children enrolled were observed 171 children aged 2 to 6 years, 55%(94) of males and 45%(77) female. Six (3.5%) had an optic correction and 44 (25.7%) had a low VA, of those in 28(16.4%) the difference was 2/10 or more between the 2 eyes. Strabismus was detected in 3.5% of the children, being associated with AV decreases of one or both eyes, in 2/10 or more. Stereopsis is altered in 23.4%(40) of the children and the color vision with alterations in 1.8%(3). More than 50% of the children had never made a visual observation, however, 72.5%(124) of the parents expressed an intention to do so before the child went to school. Screening revealed to be the method for early detection of visual problems and should be part of the primary care intervention plans.
ABSTRACT - Vision changes have become major public health problems identified by the DGS and in the National Vision Health Program. Studies indicate that there are 3-4% of children with strabismus, 20% had some type of refractive error and the prevalence of amblyopia is between 1 and 2.5%. The later these changes are detected and treated the more difficult is the full recovery. In October 2017, vision screening was carried out in the Kindergartens belonging to the Alto dos Moinhos School Group, in the Municipality of Sintra. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted, whose general objective was to identify the frequency of vision changes in pre-school children. The data collection instruments were an observation protocol, which evaluated visual acuity, oculomotor balance, stereopsis and color vision, and a questionnaire for the parents. Of the 182 children enrolled were observed 171 children aged 2 to 6 years, 55%(94) of males and 45%(77) female. Six (3.5%) had an optic correction and 44 (25.7%) had a low VA, of those in 28(16.4%) the difference was 2/10 or more between the 2 eyes. Strabismus was detected in 3.5% of the children, being associated with AV decreases of one or both eyes, in 2/10 or more. Stereopsis is altered in 23.4%(40) of the children and the color vision with alterations in 1.8%(3). More than 50% of the children had never made a visual observation, however, 72.5%(124) of the parents expressed an intention to do so before the child went to school. Screening revealed to be the method for early detection of visual problems and should be part of the primary care intervention plans.
Description
Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde
Keywords
Rastreio visual Criança Jardim de infância Ambliopia Visual screening Children Kindergarten Amblyopia
Citation
Barroqueiro OQ.Estado da visão das crianças dos jardins de infância do Agrupamento de Escolas Alto dos Moinhos [Dissertation]. Lisboa: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; Escola Superior de Saúde/Universidade do Algarve; 2018.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa