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Os postos de abastecimento de combustíveis vão além do simples fornecimento de combustível, oferecendo serviços complementares, como lavagem automóvel e manutenção de viaturas. Estas atividades geram diversos tipos de resíduos, incluindo óleos usados, solventes, lamas de separadores de óleo/água, materiais absorventes, filtros, vestuário de proteção e panos de limpeza. Muitos destes resíduos podem estar contaminados com Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes (POPs), substâncias químicas altamente estáveis, com potencial de bioacumulação e efeitos nocivos para a saúde humana e o ambiente. Devido à sua persistência, os POPs podem permanecer no ambiente durante longos períodos e dispersar-se globalmente através do ar, da água ou pela migração de espécies. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e quantificar a presença de POPs nos resíduos gerados em postos de abastecimento de combustíveis, comparando os resultados com os limites legais do Regulamento (UE) 2019/1021, de 20 de junho. Os resultados demonstraram que, mesmo em postos com manutenção regular e gestão ambiental conforme, podem ocorrer contaminações difusas associadas a produtos fluorados, materiais em fim de vida e fontes externas. Certos fluxos de resíduos como: lamas oleosas, águas residuais e materiais de combate a incêndios, revelaram maior probabilidade de conter POPs, nomeadamente os ácidos perfluoroalquilos (PFAS). A ausência de análises específicas a estes compostos nos controlos de rotina constitui uma lacuna relevante nas práticas atuais de monitorização ambiental. O estudo recomenda a integração sistemática da análise de POPs nos planos de gestão ambiental, a substituição gradual de substâncias fluoradas por alternativas seguras, o reforço da segregação e encaminhamento adequado dos resíduos perigosos e a formação dos trabalhadores e responsáveis técnicos. A correta gestão e eliminação dos POPs é essencial para prevenir a contaminação ambiental, proteger a saúde pública e promover a sustentabilidade do setor dos combustíveis.
Abstract Fuel stations go beyond the simple supply of fuel, offering complementary services such as car washing and vehicle maintenance. These activities generate various types of waste, including used oils, solvents, sludge from oil/water separators, absorbent materials, filters, protective clothing, and cleaning cloths. Many of these wastes may be contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), chemical substances that are highly stable, bioaccumulative, and harmful to human health and the environment. Due to their chemical persistence, POPs can remain in the environment for long periods and disperse globally through air and water currents or species migration. This study aimed to identify and quantify the presence of POPs in the waste generated at fuel stations, comparing the results with the legal limits established by Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 of 20 June. The results showed that even at stations with regular maintenance and compliant environmental management, diffuse contamination can occur, mainly associated with fluorinated products, end-of-life materials, and external sources. Certain waste streams such as oily sludge, wastewater, and firefighting materials have shown a higher likelihood of containing POPs, particularly perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAS). The lack of specific testing for these compounds in routine controls represents a significant gap in current environmental monitoring practices. The study recommends the systematic integration of POP analysis into environmental management plans, the gradual replacement of fluorinated substances with safer alternatives, the strengthening of waste segregation and proper disposal practices, and the training of workers and technical managers. Proper management and elimination of POPs are essential to prevent environmental contamination, protect public health, and promote sustainability and environmental responsibility within the fuel sector.
Abstract Fuel stations go beyond the simple supply of fuel, offering complementary services such as car washing and vehicle maintenance. These activities generate various types of waste, including used oils, solvents, sludge from oil/water separators, absorbent materials, filters, protective clothing, and cleaning cloths. Many of these wastes may be contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), chemical substances that are highly stable, bioaccumulative, and harmful to human health and the environment. Due to their chemical persistence, POPs can remain in the environment for long periods and disperse globally through air and water currents or species migration. This study aimed to identify and quantify the presence of POPs in the waste generated at fuel stations, comparing the results with the legal limits established by Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 of 20 June. The results showed that even at stations with regular maintenance and compliant environmental management, diffuse contamination can occur, mainly associated with fluorinated products, end-of-life materials, and external sources. Certain waste streams such as oily sludge, wastewater, and firefighting materials have shown a higher likelihood of containing POPs, particularly perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAS). The lack of specific testing for these compounds in routine controls represents a significant gap in current environmental monitoring practices. The study recommends the systematic integration of POP analysis into environmental management plans, the gradual replacement of fluorinated substances with safer alternatives, the strengthening of waste segregation and proper disposal practices, and the training of workers and technical managers. Proper management and elimination of POPs are essential to prevent environmental contamination, protect public health, and promote sustainability and environmental responsibility within the fuel sector.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Postos de abastecimento de combustíveis Resíduos perigosos Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes (POPs) Gestão de resíduos Sustentabilidade ambiental Fuel stations Hazardous waste Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Waste management Environmental sustainability