| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.03 MB | Adobe PDF |
Abstract(s)
A evolução dos processos construtivos é uma consequência natural do avanço das civilizações. O desafio permanente ao qual o Homem se impõe a si próprio, fruto da sua insatisfação constante, torna a permanente evolução dos materiais o desfecho evidente desta sua característica própria. Curiosamente, a evolução dos materiais constituintes das alvenarias, exteriores ou interiores, não tem sofrido grandes alterações, quanto à forma e natureza monolítica da sua constituição, sabendo-se que o recurso ao tijolo ou ao bloco, independentemente da sua natureza constituinte, reporta a construções milenares.
A forma paralelepipédica dos elementos também não sofreu grandes alterações ao longo do tempo, senão mesmo nenhuma. Ainda que em Portugal, como noutros países, até ao início do séc. XX, a construção de edifícios recorresse aos materiais mais abundantes de cada região, a partir do momento em que as estruturas reticuladas de betão se assumem como solução primeira do edificado, a utilização generalizada do tijolo ou do bloco instalou-se definitivamente, quanto mais não seja, como elemento de eleição na execução de paredes.
Noutra perspetiva, as exigências de conforto térmico e de eficiência energética a que os edifícios estão obrigados hoje em dia, levam à aplicação de materiais com elevada resistência térmica, nos panos de alvenaria em contacto com as envolventes exteriores e com espaços não aquecidos. As soluções que atualmente se encontram com forte implementação no mercado da construção civil em Portugal são os sistemas de isolamento térmico pelo exterior, bem como outras soluções como paredes com caixa de ar preenchida com material isolante térmico ou até mesmo soluções de isolamento térmico pela face interior das paredes exteriores. Por fim, olhando para as soluções arquitetónicas, estas recorrem cada vez mais ao uso do vidro de grandes dimensões nos alçados das habitações e, ao mesmo tempo, na utilização de materiais de construção com pesos próprios cada vez mais aligeirados, logo, menos densos. Ainda que, em termos resistentes, contribua para estruturas menos solicitadas a forças atuantes, penaliza as inércias térmicas dos edifícios, no computo geral.
O propósito deste trabalho é o de otimizar o processo construtivo e o comportamento do edifício em fase de utilização, conjugando o material que formaliza a envolvente das paredes exteriores e o isolamento térmico num só produto. Este novo produto, que resulta da combinação de produtos distintos já existentes no mercado, e que se designou por bloco bicomponente, pretende reduzir os tempos de execução da obra, eliminando o trabalho posterior de execução individual do isolamento térmico, e ao mesmo tempo garanta resistência mecânica à parede e melhor inércia térmica ao edifício, considerada uma vantagem construtiva para o nosso clima mediterrânico.
The evolution of the building process is a natural consequence in the development of all civilizations. The constant challenge that Man imposes to himself, as a consequence of his continuous insatisfaction, turns out so that the evolution of the materials become a dynamic consequence of such a characteristic.What becomes curious is that the evolution in what concerns the bricklaying or blocks materials, either exterior or interior, has not suffered considerable changes, regarding their shape or monolithic structure leading us to the conclusion that it has, long ago, been found the best solutions in what concerns to build bricklaying cloths. The use of brick, as a resource, apart from its constant nature, reports to milinary constructions " The parallelepiped shape has not suffered great, or any changes throughout the times. In Portugal and until the beginning of the XXth century, the building construction was based to the materials that were most abundant in each region, as from the moment that the portico concrete structures assume to be the first solution of the building, it has definitely been taken for granted the use of brick. On the other hand, the demand of thermal confort and energetic efficiency in wich the buildings are imposed, leads to the use of materials of low thermal condutivity, in the bricklaying cloths that are in contact with the exterior. The solutions that are now found and strongly implemented in what concerns the civil construction market, are the exterior thermic isolation compound system. Even so, considering several reasons, those solutions are also applied from the inside. At last, looking thru the architectonic solutions, the reality shows that big glass surfaces are increasing, hand to hand with lighweight materials, good for low mechanical efforts, but not so good for the thermic passivity. The reason of this work is to eliminate the subsequent timing of the thermic isolation work and, at the same time, guarantee more mechanic resistance to the wall as well as better thermal stability to the building. Its ashievement is made by gathering both products into only one. This new product, that results from the combination of different products already placed on the market, that could be called to be a bicomponent brick, has the prupose to reduce the work execution time, eliminating the subsequent working thermal isolation, while guaranteeing more mechanical strength to the wall and better thermal passivity of the building, considered a constructive advantage to our Mediterranean climate.
The evolution of the building process is a natural consequence in the development of all civilizations. The constant challenge that Man imposes to himself, as a consequence of his continuous insatisfaction, turns out so that the evolution of the materials become a dynamic consequence of such a characteristic.What becomes curious is that the evolution in what concerns the bricklaying or blocks materials, either exterior or interior, has not suffered considerable changes, regarding their shape or monolithic structure leading us to the conclusion that it has, long ago, been found the best solutions in what concerns to build bricklaying cloths. The use of brick, as a resource, apart from its constant nature, reports to milinary constructions " The parallelepiped shape has not suffered great, or any changes throughout the times. In Portugal and until the beginning of the XXth century, the building construction was based to the materials that were most abundant in each region, as from the moment that the portico concrete structures assume to be the first solution of the building, it has definitely been taken for granted the use of brick. On the other hand, the demand of thermal confort and energetic efficiency in wich the buildings are imposed, leads to the use of materials of low thermal condutivity, in the bricklaying cloths that are in contact with the exterior. The solutions that are now found and strongly implemented in what concerns the civil construction market, are the exterior thermic isolation compound system. Even so, considering several reasons, those solutions are also applied from the inside. At last, looking thru the architectonic solutions, the reality shows that big glass surfaces are increasing, hand to hand with lighweight materials, good for low mechanical efforts, but not so good for the thermic passivity. The reason of this work is to eliminate the subsequent timing of the thermic isolation work and, at the same time, guarantee more mechanic resistance to the wall as well as better thermal stability to the building. Its ashievement is made by gathering both products into only one. This new product, that results from the combination of different products already placed on the market, that could be called to be a bicomponent brick, has the prupose to reduce the work execution time, eliminating the subsequent working thermal isolation, while guaranteeing more mechanical strength to the wall and better thermal passivity of the building, considered a constructive advantage to our Mediterranean climate.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Civil - perfil de Edificações
Keywords
Blocos térmicos com boa inércia térmica Thermal blocks with good thermal inertia Transmissão térmica Thermal transfer Tijolos térmicos Thermal bricks Inércia térmica Thermal passivity Blocos de terra Soil blocks
Citation
FERREIRA, Dino Manuel Szaplonczay Rodrigues - Blocos térmicos com boa inércia térmica: projecto, desenvolvimento e ensaios do produto. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2016. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa