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The influence of vegetarian and omnivorous diet quality on metabolic profiles and cardiovascular risk

2025-10Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorFontes, Tatiana
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorCebola, Marisa
dc.contributor.authorCarolino, Elisabete
dc.contributor.authorMenezes, regina
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Luís Monteiro
dc.contributor.authorFerreira-Pêgo, Cíntia
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-16T10:24:57Z
dc.date.available2025-12-16T10:24:57Z
dc.date.issued2025-10
dc.descriptionThis research was funded by national funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (Portugal), under the [DOI https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04567/2020] and [DOI https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04567/2020] projects, and by COFAC/ILIND—Cooperativa De Formação e Animação Cultural CRL/Instituto Lusófono de Investigação e Desenvolvimento (grant COFAC/ILIND/CBIOS/2/2021). C.F-P. is funded by the FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (Portugal) Scientific Employment Stimulus contract [DOI https://doi.org/10.54499/CEECINST/00147/2018/CP1498/CT0009]. R.M. is funded by the FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (Portugal) Scientific Employment Stimulus contract [reference number DOI: https://doi.org/10.54499/CEECINST/00002/2021/CP2788/CT0004].
dc.description.abstractCardiovascular diseases are the leading global cause of mortality and a major contributor to disability. As inadequate nutrition accounts for approximately 50% of cardiovascular deaths, understanding the impact of different dietary patterns is crucial. This study aimed to compare cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year cardiovascular risk in adults following a vegetarian (VG) or omnivorous (OM) diet. Cardiovascular risk was calculated using SCORE2, body composition was assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, biochemical parameters were determined from capillary blood, and diet quality was evaluated using the 14-item Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence questionnaire for OM, and the healthful plant-based diet index for VG. A cross-sectional design was performed with 110 participants (55 OM and 55 VG). No significant differences between groups were found in the 10-year cardiovascular risk. However, for biochemical parameters, OM showed higher levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.001), and non-HDL cholesterol (p = 0.004). Conversely, for body composition, VG men showed lower Appendicular Lean Mass Index (ALMI) values (p = 0.005). Upon analyzing diet quality, high adherence to the MD in the OM group (OR 0.861; p = 0.013) and high diet quality in the VG group (OR 0.590; p = 0.001) were protective factors against high cardiovascular risk. When reanalyzing data only for individuals with high-quality diets, OM individuals showed lower values of fat mass (p = 0.003) and Visceral Adipose Tissue (p = 0.023). Meanwhile, VG individuals showed significantly lower total cholesterol levels (p = 0.013). A high-quality VG diet demonstrated better results concerning lipid profile, while an OM diet with high adherence to the MD showed greater potential regarding body composition. Additionally, the key factor for optimal cardiovascular health does not seem to be related to a specific dietary pattern but rather to the quality of the diet adopted.eng
dc.identifier.citationFontes T, Lopes S, Cebola M, Carolino E, Menezes R, Rodrigues LM, et al. The influence of vegetarian and omnivorous diet quality on metabolic profiles and cardiovascular risk. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):35776.
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-025-09421-0
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/22324
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-09421-0
dc.relation.ispartofScientific Reports
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectDietetics
dc.subjectNutrition
dc.subjectBody composition
dc.subjectCardiovascular risk
dc.subjectDiet quality
dc.subjectOmnivorous diet
dc.subjectVegetarian diet
dc.titleThe influence of vegetarian and omnivorous diet quality on metabolic profiles and cardiovascular riskeng
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.referenceshttps://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-025-09421-0/MediaObjects/41598_2025_9421_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.startPage35776
oaire.citation.titleScientific Reports
oaire.citation.volume15
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCebola
person.familyNameCarolino
person.givenNameMarisa
person.givenNameElisabete
person.identifier.ciencia-id2A12-74DE-420B
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4436-7504
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4165-7052
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationc5265317-eddd-404f-8cd5-7f9b9d4133f0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication31223136-1531-4060-aec7-4d3fc8529916
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryc5265317-eddd-404f-8cd5-7f9b9d4133f0

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