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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A modelação e simulação do movimento humano tem o potencial de melhorar o processo de reabilitação ao possibilitar a observação e identificação das relações causa-efeito em indivíduos com problemas neurológicos e músculo-esqueléticos, a prescrição de tratamentos cirúrgicos e de reabilitação eficazes, a identificação dos elementos que estão a causar a deformidade ou lesão com realização de estudos para testar hipóteses, prevendo resultados funcionais e comportamentos emergentes. O principal objetivo consiste na caracterização do movimento humano recorrendo ao Software OpenSim, especificamente, o risco de uma entorse por inversão durante a aterragem em queda livre e, com isso, projetar uma ortótese e/ou treino que possa ajudar a prevenir e a mitigar este tipo de lesão que é possível quando se atingem ângulos de inversão inferiores a 25 graus. Foram executadas 216 simulações com os modelos com e sem uma ortótese de tornozelo e pé, ou AFO, tendo sido realizadas análises de sensibilidade sob o valor base dos parâmetros Massa, Rigidez Translacional, Força Motor, Nível Excitação e Constantes de ativação muscular e utilizado o método Design of Experiments (DoE). Nos modelos com a AFO, o ângulo de inversão foi inferior a 25 graus quando eram utilizados valores cada vez maiores de rigidez, afirmação comprovada pela otimização com o DoE, tendo este parâmetro sido único que se revelou influenciar o ângulo de inversão. No modelo sem a AFO, os ângulos obtidos mostraram que a premissa de que quanto maior os valores das contantes menor é o ângulo de inversão não pode ser sempre regra pois ao serem ativados em demasia os músculos inversores, os eversores não conseguirão contrariar o seu movimento e não será alcançado o objetivo de prevenir uma lesão. Assim, o OpenSim mostrou ser uma ferramenta muito útil e eficaz que forneceu informações cruciais sobre o ângulo de inversão e dados científicos que podem ser usados para comparar os diferentes parâmetros de uma ortótese e treino muscular.
ABSTRACT - The modeling and simulation of human movement has the potential to improve the rehabilitation process by enabling the identification of cause-effect relationships in individuals suffering from neurological and musculoskeletal issues. The prescription of medical intervention and effective rehabilitation, the identification of elements that are causing the deformity or injury, resulting in the realization of studies developed to test this hypothesis, predicting functional results and emerging behaviors. The main goal is to characterize the human movement using the OpenSim, especially when it comes to the risk of a sprain by inversion during the landing in freefall and, with it, designing an orthosis and/or training that can help to prevent and mitigate this type of lesion that is once you reach possible when you reach reverse angles of less than 25 degrees. 216 simulations were performed using models with and without an Ankle Foot Orthosis, or AFO, sensitivity analysis has been carried out under the base value of the Mass, Translational Stiffness, Motor Optimal Force, Excitation and Constant Level of Muscle Activation parameters and used the method Design of Experiments (DoE). On models with the AFO, the inversion angle was less than 25 degrees when they have used increasingly larger values of translational stiffness, a statement proven by optimizing with the DoE, taking this parameter was only revealed to influence the inversion angle. On models without the AFO, the obtained angles show that the bigger the values of the constants the smaller is the inversion angle should not be the taken as a rule, in a sense that the invertor muscles and the evertor will not be able to contract its movement and will not reach the main objective. That is, to prevent an injury. Thus, the OpenSim proved to be a very useful and effective tool which provided crucial information about the reverse angle and scientific data that can be used to compare the different parameters of the orthosis and muscle training.
ABSTRACT - The modeling and simulation of human movement has the potential to improve the rehabilitation process by enabling the identification of cause-effect relationships in individuals suffering from neurological and musculoskeletal issues. The prescription of medical intervention and effective rehabilitation, the identification of elements that are causing the deformity or injury, resulting in the realization of studies developed to test this hypothesis, predicting functional results and emerging behaviors. The main goal is to characterize the human movement using the OpenSim, especially when it comes to the risk of a sprain by inversion during the landing in freefall and, with it, designing an orthosis and/or training that can help to prevent and mitigate this type of lesion that is once you reach possible when you reach reverse angles of less than 25 degrees. 216 simulations were performed using models with and without an Ankle Foot Orthosis, or AFO, sensitivity analysis has been carried out under the base value of the Mass, Translational Stiffness, Motor Optimal Force, Excitation and Constant Level of Muscle Activation parameters and used the method Design of Experiments (DoE). On models with the AFO, the inversion angle was less than 25 degrees when they have used increasingly larger values of translational stiffness, a statement proven by optimizing with the DoE, taking this parameter was only revealed to influence the inversion angle. On models without the AFO, the obtained angles show that the bigger the values of the constants the smaller is the inversion angle should not be the taken as a rule, in a sense that the invertor muscles and the evertor will not be able to contract its movement and will not reach the main objective. That is, to prevent an injury. Thus, the OpenSim proved to be a very useful and effective tool which provided crucial information about the reverse angle and scientific data that can be used to compare the different parameters of the orthosis and muscle training.
Description
Mestrado em Engenharia Biomédica
Keywords
Ortoprotesia Ortótese AFO OpenSim Ângulo de inversão Rigidez translacional Movimento humano Prosthetics and orthotics Orthotics Inversion angle Translational stiffness Human movement
Citation
Teixeira DF. Simulação do movimento humano condicionado por ortóteses [dissertation]. Lisboa: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2018.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa