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Abstract(s)
O tema do trabalho de investigação é a análise do risco de crédito às empresas antes e durante a actual crise financeira, bem como a sua gestão. A gestão de risco de crédito das instituições financeiras tem-se transformado cada vez mais numa peça chave para toda a actividade bancária, tendo ainda mais significado no mundo actual, em constante mudança e globalização. A concessão de crédito às empresas tornou-se numa tarefa cada vez mais árdua, para as instituições financeiras devido ao risco de crédito.
A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida visando os objectivos de efectuar uma avaliação na concessão de crédito a empresas durante a crise, com ênfase na gestão do risco de crédito, bem como na utilização do Acordo de Basileia II. Para atingir os objectivos traçados a metodologia utilizada foi o inquérito por questionário a colaboradores da Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD). O questionário foi efectuado, de forma a captar quer os desenvolvimentos passados, como recentes, bem como a evolução esperada. Relativamente à evolução passada, as perguntas respeitam aos anos anteriores à crise, enquanto as perguntas prospectivas se referem aos anos seguintes.
O trabalho desenvolvido permitiu-nos concluir que as instituições financeiras mundiais, desde o início da recessão, têm restringido ao máximo a concessão de crédito às empresas. Muitas instituições têm-no feito através da exigência de mais garantias, aumento do spread, bem como a diminuição de maturidades. Todas estas situações geram um ciclo vicioso, na medida em que as empresas que se vêem confrontadas na restrição do acesso ao crédito, não têm condições para sobreviver, gerando assim várias falências.
The analysis of credit risk and credit risk management, before and after the present financial crisis, is the theme of this research. Financial institutions’ credit risk management plays a key part in banking activities, this being so even more in the modern world which is in continuous process of change and globalization. Offering credit to companies has become a hazardous job to financial institutions because of issues related to a heightened credit risk. The present dissertation’s goal is to evaluate credit offering in view of the present crisis, highlighting credit risk management strategies, and using ideas from the Basel II Accord. The method used was a questionnaire-type inquiry directed to Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD) workers. The questionnaire was prepared in order to pinpoint past and present developments in credit offering and also the foreseeable future on these matters. Past developments means developments before the onset of the present financial crisis, and the prospective section of the inquiries refer to the years in which the crisis has established itself. This research has allowed us to conclude that, since the crisis onset, financial institutions have been limiting credit offers to a minimum. Many financial institutions do that by way of asking for more loan guarantees, increasing credit spread, and diminishing maturities. All these decisions create a vicious cycle that determines the death of many companies who cannot respond to the growing demands that financial institutions make in order to give those companies access to credit.
The analysis of credit risk and credit risk management, before and after the present financial crisis, is the theme of this research. Financial institutions’ credit risk management plays a key part in banking activities, this being so even more in the modern world which is in continuous process of change and globalization. Offering credit to companies has become a hazardous job to financial institutions because of issues related to a heightened credit risk. The present dissertation’s goal is to evaluate credit offering in view of the present crisis, highlighting credit risk management strategies, and using ideas from the Basel II Accord. The method used was a questionnaire-type inquiry directed to Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD) workers. The questionnaire was prepared in order to pinpoint past and present developments in credit offering and also the foreseeable future on these matters. Past developments means developments before the onset of the present financial crisis, and the prospective section of the inquiries refer to the years in which the crisis has established itself. This research has allowed us to conclude that, since the crisis onset, financial institutions have been limiting credit offers to a minimum. Many financial institutions do that by way of asking for more loan guarantees, increasing credit spread, and diminishing maturities. All these decisions create a vicious cycle that determines the death of many companies who cannot respond to the growing demands that financial institutions make in order to give those companies access to credit.
Description
Keywords
Crédito às empresas Crise Instituições financeiras Risco de crédito Credit to companies Crisis Financial institutions Credit risk