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Limestone processing sludge: from waste to sustainable resource

2025-10-30Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Mecânica
dc.contributor.authorGuedes, Mafalda
dc.contributor.authorCarrasqueira, Joana
dc.contributor.authorSeixas, Tomás
dc.contributor.authorAfonso, Clélia
dc.contributor.authorGil, Maria Manuel
dc.contributor.authorBernardino, Raul
dc.contributor.authorGamboa, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorBernardino, Susana
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-06T08:42:17Z
dc.date.available2026-01-06T08:42:17Z
dc.date.issued2025-10-30
dc.descriptionThis work was funded by national funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., within the scope of the project UID/04292/MARE—Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente; LSRE-LCM, UIDB/50020/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/50020/2020) and UIDP/50020/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/50020/2020); ALiCE, LA/P/0045/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0045/2020); LA/P/0069/2020 (ARNET); and UIDB/04540/2020 (CeFEMA) under project PTDC/ECI-COM- 28308/2017. It was also funded by the Mobilizing Agenda Sustainable Stone by Portugal—Valorization of Natural Stone for a digital, sustainable and qualified future, project number 02-C05-i01.02-2022.PC644943391-00000051, cofinanced by PRR (Recovery and Resilience Plan) funded by the European Union (NextGenerationEU). Tomás Seixas is grateful to FCT for the Doctoral Grant 2022.10551.BD.
dc.description.abstractThe limestone quarrying and processing industry generates huge amounts of waste, with limestone sludge being one of the most prevalent and challenging by-products. This study aims to evaluate the potential of limestone sludge as a sustainable secondary raw material for the mechanochemical synthesis of bioceramics, specifically hydroxyapatite (HA), for high-added-value applications in bone tissue engineering. High-energy milling is innovatively used as the processing route: dry sludge (functioning as the calcium source), a phosphate source, and water were milled with the aim of producing calcium phosphates (in particular, hydroxyapatite) via mechanosynthesis. The industrial sludge was thoroughly analyzed for chemical composition, heavy metals, and mineral phases to ensure suitability for biomedical applications. The mixture of reagents was tailored to comply with Ca/P = 1.67 molar ratio. Milling was carried out at room temperature; the milling velocity was 600 rpm, and milling time ranged from 5 to 650 min. Characterization by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM confirmed the progressive transformation of calcite into hydroxyapatite through a metastable DCPD intermediate, following logarithmic reaction kinetics. The resulting powders are fine, homogeneous, and phase-pure, demonstrating that mechanosynthesis provides a low-cost and environmentally friendly pathway to convert limestone waste into functional bioceramic materials. This suggests that Moleanos sludge is a viable and sustainable source to produce tailored calcium phosphates and confirms mechanosynthesis as a cost-effective and reliable technology to activate the low-kinetics chemical reactions in the CaCO3-H3PO4–H2O system. This work highlights a novel circular economy approach for the valorization of industrial limestone sludge, turning a difficult waste stream into a high-value, sustainable resource.eng
dc.identifier.citationGuedes, M., Carrasqueira, J., Seixas, T., Afonso, C., Gil, M. M., Bernardino, R., Gamboa, R., & Bernardino, S. (2025). Limestone Processing Sludge: From Waste to Sustainable Resource. Environments, 12(11), 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12110405
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/environments12110405
dc.identifier.eissn2076-3298
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/22433
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relationUID/04292/MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente
dc.relationUIDB/50020/2020 - LSRE-LCM
dc.relationUIDP/50020/2020 - LSRE-LCM
dc.relationLA/P/0045/2020 - ALiCE
dc.relationLA/P/0069/2020 - ALiCE
dc.relationUIDB/04540/2020 - CeFEMA
dc.relation02-C05-i01.02- 2022.PC644943391-00000051 - Mobilizing Agenda Sustainable Stone by Portugal - Valorization of Natural Stone for a digital
dc.relation2022.10551.BD. - FCT
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/12/11/405
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironments
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectStone processing residues
dc.subjectLimestone sludge
dc.subjectMechanical milling
dc.subjectCalcium phosphates
dc.subjectHydroxyapatite
dc.subjectMechanosynthesis
dc.subjectUID/04292/MARE
dc.subjectLSRE-LCM
dc.subjectUIDB/50020/2020
dc.subjectUIDP/50020/2020
dc.subjectLA/P/0045/2020
dc.subjectLA/P/0069/2020
dc.subjectUIDB/04540/2020
dc.subject02-C05-i01.02- 2022.PC644943391-00000051
dc.subject2022.10551.BD
dc.titleLimestone processing sludge: from waste to sustainable resourceeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage21
oaire.citation.issue11
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleEnvironments
oaire.citation.volume12
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43

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