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Introdução: A sarcopenia é um distúrbio muscular esquelético generalizado e progressivo caracterizada pela redução gradual da massa muscular, da força e função musculares e está associada a um maior risco de admissões hospitalares, internamentos prolongados e maior risco de morbilidade e mortalidade. A identificação precoce da sarcopenia é crucial para que se possa estabelecer um plano de intervenção de modo a atingir um prognóstico favorável. Objetivos: Analisar a prevalência de sarcopenia em idosos admitidos em instituições hospitalares. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma análise da literatura publicada partir da base de dados eletrónica PubMed nos últimos 5 anos utilizando os descritores “sarcopenia” AND “hospitalized” AND “prevalence”. A pesquisa foi realizada entre julho e agosto de 2020. Resultados: A prevalência de sarcopenia difere amplamente na literatura analisada, variando entre 7,2% e 73%. Esta variação ocorre consoante o algoritmo utilizado para diagnóstico da sarcopenia, a população analisada e os métodos aplicados para determinar a massa, força e função muscular. A maioria dos estudos relataram que a sarcopenia teve um aumento progressivo com a idade e esteve associada com várias adversidades. A coexistência de malnutrição nos idosos sarcopénicos foi elevada e há uma associação entre sarcopenia e um maior risco de morte. Conclusões: A análise da prevalência de sarcopenia evidenciou que a malnutrição e a sarcopenia muitas vezes coexistem e podem ser associadas a desfechos clínicos negativos. A evidência científica sugere a importância de incluir na avaliação do estado nutricional, como procedimento de rotina na admissão hospitalar, a avaliação não só da presença de malnutrição, mas também da sarcopenia.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Sarcopenia is a generalized and progressive skeletal muscle disorder characterized by a gradual reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function and is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, prolonged hospitalization, and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and unfavorable outcomes. The early diagnosis of sarcopenia is crucial to establish a treatment plan in order to achieve a favorable prognosis. Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly patients admitted to a hospital. Methodology: An analysis of the literature published from the PubMed database in the last 5 years using the descriptors "sarcopenia" AND "hospitalized" AND "prevalence" was carried out. The survey was conducted between July and August 2020. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia varied widely among the analyzed literature, from 7.2% to 73%. This variation occurs according to the algorithm used to diagnose sarcopenia, the population analyzed, and the methods applied to measure muscle mass, strength and function. Most studies reported that sarcopenia had a progressive tendency with age and was associated with a variety of adversities. The coexistence of malnutrition in the sarcopenic elderly was high and there is an association between sarcopenia and an increased risk of death. Conclusions: The analysis of the prevalence of sarcopenia showed that malnutrition and sarcopenia often coexist and may be associated with negative clinical outcomes. The existing evidence suggests the importance to include in the nutritional evaluation done on hospital admission, not only the evaluation of the presence of malnutrition but as well of sarcopenia.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Sarcopenia is a generalized and progressive skeletal muscle disorder characterized by a gradual reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function and is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, prolonged hospitalization, and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and unfavorable outcomes. The early diagnosis of sarcopenia is crucial to establish a treatment plan in order to achieve a favorable prognosis. Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly patients admitted to a hospital. Methodology: An analysis of the literature published from the PubMed database in the last 5 years using the descriptors "sarcopenia" AND "hospitalized" AND "prevalence" was carried out. The survey was conducted between July and August 2020. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia varied widely among the analyzed literature, from 7.2% to 73%. This variation occurs according to the algorithm used to diagnose sarcopenia, the population analyzed, and the methods applied to measure muscle mass, strength and function. Most studies reported that sarcopenia had a progressive tendency with age and was associated with a variety of adversities. The coexistence of malnutrition in the sarcopenic elderly was high and there is an association between sarcopenia and an increased risk of death. Conclusions: The analysis of the prevalence of sarcopenia showed that malnutrition and sarcopenia often coexist and may be associated with negative clinical outcomes. The existing evidence suggests the importance to include in the nutritional evaluation done on hospital admission, not only the evaluation of the presence of malnutrition but as well of sarcopenia.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Idoso Sarcopenia Internamento Malnutrição Elderly Hospitalization Malnutrition
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Costa DG, Cebola M. Prevalência de sarcopenia em idosos em internamento hospitalar. Acta Port Nutr. 2020;(23):58-62.
Editora
Associação Portuguesa de Nutrição