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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Reconhecendo que a dificuldade na Compreensão Leitora (CL) constitui uma característica comum nos indivíduos com Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (PEA) e que a literacia é basilar para a aprendizagem e integração social, consideramos pertinente desenvolver um estudo com os seguintes objetivos: caracterizar as práticas que os professores de várias áreas disciplinares implementam para promover a CL dos seus alunos de 2.º e 3.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico com PEA; conhecer a perceção que os professores têm sobre o impacto das suas práticas no desenvolvimento da CL dos seus alunos com PEA; conhecer a perceção que os alunos com PEA têm sobre a influência das práticas promotoras da CL desenvolvidas pelos professores. Para os cumprir, realizamos um estudo de caso único, pertencente ao paradigma interpretativo, com características da metodologia qualitativa. Elegeram-se, como técnicas de recolha de dados, a pesquisa documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas a professores e alunos, e a observação naturalista de algumas aulas.
Concluímos que as dificuldades dos alunos com PEA de 2.º e 3.º Ciclos são diversas e complexas, de origem ambiental e comportamental. Para as ultrapassar, atentos, os docentes socorrem-se de uma panóplia de estratégias pedagógicas adaptadas, dentro do possível, às características destes alunos. Para isso, recorrem a múltiplos materiais, que procuram que sejam consonantes com as especificidades dos alunos para potenciar o seu sucesso. Todavia, apurou-se que, em termos gerais, estas práticas nem sempre são suficientes e bem-sucedidas, devido a vários fatores, dos quais se destacam a escassa formação especializada, e ambientes educativos pouco inclusivos, que afastam estes alunos do desenvolvimento da CL. Portanto, os resultados sublinham que o papel do docente é nuclear, mas apontam para a necessidade premente da capacitação dos docentes, o que lhes conferirá mais conhecimentos e segurança, e, sobretudo, mais sucesso no desenvolvimento da CL dos seus alunos com PEA.
One of the most important skills learned in school is reading comprehension. However, it is often challenging in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which compromises their literacy and, consequently, their education and social integration. Therefore, this study was conducted with the following objectives: (i) to describe the strategies and activities used by different teachers to improve the reading comprehension skills of their ASD students in the 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education; (ii) to examine teachers' perspectives on the effectiveness of these strategies; (iii) to understand the ASD students’ perspectives on the effectiveness of the reading comprehension strategies implemented by their teachers. To achieve this, we conducted a case study, using qualitative methodology. The data were collected through documentary research, semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. The findings suggest that ASD students face multiple and complex reading difficulties, caused by environmental and behavioral factors. Aware of these challenges, to increase the reading comprehension, teachers employ several adapted pedagogical strategies and materials, whenever possible. Nonetheless, the results showed that, in general terms, these practices are not always sufficient or successful, due to various reasons, particularly the lack of specialized teacher training and ineffective learning environments, which hinder these students from succeeding in reading comprehension skills. Therefore, the results highlight not only the central role of teachers, but also the urgent need to provide them with specialized knowledge and training that will enhance their confidence, and, above all, success in promoting reading comprehension skills among their ASD students.
One of the most important skills learned in school is reading comprehension. However, it is often challenging in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which compromises their literacy and, consequently, their education and social integration. Therefore, this study was conducted with the following objectives: (i) to describe the strategies and activities used by different teachers to improve the reading comprehension skills of their ASD students in the 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education; (ii) to examine teachers' perspectives on the effectiveness of these strategies; (iii) to understand the ASD students’ perspectives on the effectiveness of the reading comprehension strategies implemented by their teachers. To achieve this, we conducted a case study, using qualitative methodology. The data were collected through documentary research, semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. The findings suggest that ASD students face multiple and complex reading difficulties, caused by environmental and behavioral factors. Aware of these challenges, to increase the reading comprehension, teachers employ several adapted pedagogical strategies and materials, whenever possible. Nonetheless, the results showed that, in general terms, these practices are not always sufficient or successful, due to various reasons, particularly the lack of specialized teacher training and ineffective learning environments, which hinder these students from succeeding in reading comprehension skills. Therefore, the results highlight not only the central role of teachers, but also the urgent need to provide them with specialized knowledge and training that will enhance their confidence, and, above all, success in promoting reading comprehension skills among their ASD students.
Description
Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Especial – Área de especialização: Problemas de Cognição e Multideficiência
Keywords
Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo Compreensão Leitora Literacia Estratégias de Ensino Perceções 2.º e 3ºCiclos do Ensino Básico Autism spectrum disorder Reading comprehension Literacy
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Rosendo, A. S. R. (2025). A compreensão leitora na perturbação do espetro do autismo: estratégias de ensino e o seu impacto em alunos do 2.º e 3.º ciclos do ensino básico [Dissertação de mestrado, Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa]. Repositório Institucional do Politécnico de Lisboa http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/22166