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Modelação e análise de dispositivos de proteção personalizados
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O trabalho desenvolvido sobre a modelação e análise de dispositivos de proteção pessoal teve como principal objetivo a construção de modelos a partir das dimensões do próprio utilizador, tendo como base técnicas de engenharia inversa e considerando a sua eventual produção por manufatura aditiva. Desse modo, o primeiro passo consistiu no desenvolvimento do modelo tridimensional da cabeça do utilizador através dos resultados de uma tomografia computorizada. Os programas InVesalius e 3D Slicer permitiram a leitura destes ficheiros e a reconstrução da respetiva nuvem de pontos. Importando estes resultados para o software Meshlab, realizou-se a limpeza da nuvem e a reconstrução das superfícies. Após uma análise comparativa dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que o modelo da cabeça com melhor qualidade superficial foi obtido através do InVesalius. Recorrendo ao software SolidWorks, desenvolveram-se dois dispositivos a partir da superfície reconstruída: um capacete e uma máscara de proteção. Para iniciar a análise e verificação destes modelos, foi necessário assumir a aplicação do capacete no ciclismo e o uso da máscara por jogadores de futebol que sofreram lesões faciais. Mais especificamente, realizaram-se análises dinâmicas não-lineares que permitiram simular o impacto destes dispositivos com objetos externos. A avaliação do desempenho de proteção destes equipamentos teve como foco as tensões verificadas no modelo da cabeça do utilizador. Em particular, definiu-se o valor limite de 10 kPa, identificado no estudo de Cao et al. (2024), a partir do qual podem ocorrer lesões cerebrais para o utilizador. Adicionalmente, estes estudos incluíram simulações com diferentes materiais e dimensões nos modelos. As análises comparativas dos resultados obtidos para as diferentes simulações permitiram identificar os modelos do capacete e da máscara que fornecem o melhor desempenho de proteção ao utilizador.
Abstract The main objective of this study on the modeling and analysis of personal protective equipment revolves around the use of reverse engineering for the construction of devices, tailored to the individual dimensions of the user, and possible production via additive manufacturing. Thereby, the first step was the development of the three-dimensional model of the user through the results of a computed tomography of the head. The software InVesalius and 3D Slicer allowed the reading of those files and the reconstruction of the respective point clouds. By importing these results into the Meshlab program, it was possible to clean the cloud and reconstruct the surfaces. After a comparative analysis of the results, it was concluded that the best result was obtained with InVesalius. Resorting to the software SolidWorks, two devices were developed through this reconstructed surface: a helmet and a face mask. To initiate the analysis and verification of these models, it was necessary to assume the application of the helmet for cycling and the use of the mask by football players who suffered facial injuries. More specifically, non-linear dynamic analyses were employed to simulate the impact of these devices on external objects. The evaluation of the protective performance of this equipment focused on the stresses identified in the model of the head. In particular, the threshold value of 10 kPa, identified in the article by Cao et al. (2024), represents the level above which brain injuries may occur. Additionally, these studies included simulations with different materials and dimensions in the models. Comparative analysis of the results obtained for the different simulations allowed the identification of the helmet and face mask models that provide the best protective performance for the user.
Abstract The main objective of this study on the modeling and analysis of personal protective equipment revolves around the use of reverse engineering for the construction of devices, tailored to the individual dimensions of the user, and possible production via additive manufacturing. Thereby, the first step was the development of the three-dimensional model of the user through the results of a computed tomography of the head. The software InVesalius and 3D Slicer allowed the reading of those files and the reconstruction of the respective point clouds. By importing these results into the Meshlab program, it was possible to clean the cloud and reconstruct the surfaces. After a comparative analysis of the results, it was concluded that the best result was obtained with InVesalius. Resorting to the software SolidWorks, two devices were developed through this reconstructed surface: a helmet and a face mask. To initiate the analysis and verification of these models, it was necessary to assume the application of the helmet for cycling and the use of the mask by football players who suffered facial injuries. More specifically, non-linear dynamic analyses were employed to simulate the impact of these devices on external objects. The evaluation of the protective performance of this equipment focused on the stresses identified in the model of the head. In particular, the threshold value of 10 kPa, identified in the article by Cao et al. (2024), represents the level above which brain injuries may occur. Additionally, these studies included simulations with different materials and dimensions in the models. Comparative analysis of the results obtained for the different simulations allowed the identification of the helmet and face mask models that provide the best protective performance for the user.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Engenharia inversa Manufatura aditiva Tomografia computorizada Capacete Máscara de proteção Reverse engineering Additive manufacturing Computed tomography Helmet Face mask