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Abstract(s)
lA natureza sempre foi considerada uma fonte de recursos inesgotável, no entanto, com o aumento populacional e o crescimento das cidades, assiste-se cada vez mais a um aumento descontrolado do consumo dos recursos naturais, diminuição das reservas naturais e aumento drástico da carga de resíduos poluentes, factores que comprometem os recursos hídricos. Aumenta também o risco de doenças de veiculação hídrica, particularmente ao nível do sistema digestivo, causadas por microrganismos patogénicos de origem entérica (via fecal-oral), aquática ou telúrica, presentes na água contaminada. Como recurso natural essencial a água possui um enorme valor económico, ambiental e social. É um bem vital para os seres vivos.
Em Portugal a qualidade da água da torneira é de excelente qualidade, baixo impacto ambiental e encontra-se disponível para todos. Não se encontram razões para a baixa adesão das pessoas, particularmente dos jovens ao consumo da água da torneira. Os jovens são o futuro e por isso é preciso sensibiliza-los, pois estão mais predispostos a adopção de novos hábitos. Se pretendemos mudar mentalidades, é pelos mais pequenos que devemos começar.
Para avaliar o consumo de água (torneira e engarrafada) foi aplicado um questionário em duas escolas da Freguesia de Carnide: Externato da Luz e Escola Secundária Virgílio Ferreira. Os questionários foram aplicados a 869 estudantes do 2º ao 12º ano. Constatou-se uma elevada desconfiança das pessoas em beber água dos bebedouros devido à fraca manutenção dos mesmos. Para completar o trabalho, foi elaborado um Plano de Segurança de Água (PSA) que poderá ser uma útil ferramenta para aplicação na Freguesia de Carnide de modo a que a qualidade dos bebedouros seja positivamente percepcionada pelo público e deles passem a beber.
Com o presente estudo concluiu-se que os alunos têm consciência da importancia de uma adequada ingestão de água e por isso têm garrafas próprias de água ou reutilizam as garrafas de água engarrafada. No entanto ainda desconfiam da qualidade da água, assim como da higiene dos bebedouros; verificando-se um elevado consumo de água engarrafada (32%) – aumento do volume de resíduos plásticos. Este facto pode ser contornado com a implementação de uma metodologia semelhante a um PSA. Assim como através de investimentos ao nível da sensibilização ambiental, promovendo o consumo de água da rede pública, comportamentos e boas práticas. Na reabilitação e manutenção da rede distribuição pública e na construção, reabilitação e manutenção de bebedouros públicos, colocando-os em locais estratégicos, escolhendo designs inovadores e aplicação de uma ficha sumária com informação sobre a entidade responsável, datas de verificação e manutenção e outra informação relevantes.
Nature has always been considered an inexhaustible source of resources, however, with population growth and urban growth, there has been an increasing uncontrolled consumption of natural resources, declining natural reserves and increasing drastically polluting wastes, factors that compromise water resources. It also increases the risk of waterborne diseases, particularly at the level of the digestive system, caused by pathogenic enteric (faecal-oral), aquatic or telluric microorganisms present in contaminated water. As an essential natural resource, water has enormous economic, environmental and social value. It is a vital good for living beings. In Portugal the quality of tap water is of excellent quality, low environmental impact and is available to all. There are no reasons for the low adherence of people, particularly young people, to the consumption of tap water. Young people are the future and therefore it is necessary to sensitize them, because they are more predisposed to adopt new habits. If we want to change mentalities, it's with the younger ones that we should start with. To evaluate the water consumption (tap water and bottled water) a questionnaire was applied in two schools in the Neighbourhood of Carnide: Externato da Luz and Virgílio Ferreira Secondary School. The questionnaires were applied to 869 students from grades 2 to 12. We found a high distrust of people in drinking water from drinking fountains due to their poor maintenance. In order to complete the work, a Water Safety Plan (PSA) was elaborated that can be a useful tool for application in the Neighbourhood of Carnide so that the quality of the drinking fountains is positively perceived by the public so that they start to drink from them. With the present study it was concluded that the students are aware of the importance of an adequate water intake and therefore have their own bottles of water or reuse bottles of bottled water. However, they still distrust the quality of the water, as well as the hygiene of the drinkers; with a high consumption of bottled water (32%) - increased volume of plastic waste. This can be circumvented by the implementation of a PSA-like methodology. As well as through investments in environmental awareness, promoting the consumption of public water, behaviors and good practices. In the rehabilitation and maintenance of the public distribution network and in the construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of public drinking fountains, placing them in strategic locations, choosing innovative designs and applying a summary form with information about the responsible entity, verification and maintenance dates and other information relevant information.
Nature has always been considered an inexhaustible source of resources, however, with population growth and urban growth, there has been an increasing uncontrolled consumption of natural resources, declining natural reserves and increasing drastically polluting wastes, factors that compromise water resources. It also increases the risk of waterborne diseases, particularly at the level of the digestive system, caused by pathogenic enteric (faecal-oral), aquatic or telluric microorganisms present in contaminated water. As an essential natural resource, water has enormous economic, environmental and social value. It is a vital good for living beings. In Portugal the quality of tap water is of excellent quality, low environmental impact and is available to all. There are no reasons for the low adherence of people, particularly young people, to the consumption of tap water. Young people are the future and therefore it is necessary to sensitize them, because they are more predisposed to adopt new habits. If we want to change mentalities, it's with the younger ones that we should start with. To evaluate the water consumption (tap water and bottled water) a questionnaire was applied in two schools in the Neighbourhood of Carnide: Externato da Luz and Virgílio Ferreira Secondary School. The questionnaires were applied to 869 students from grades 2 to 12. We found a high distrust of people in drinking water from drinking fountains due to their poor maintenance. In order to complete the work, a Water Safety Plan (PSA) was elaborated that can be a useful tool for application in the Neighbourhood of Carnide so that the quality of the drinking fountains is positively perceived by the public so that they start to drink from them. With the present study it was concluded that the students are aware of the importance of an adequate water intake and therefore have their own bottles of water or reuse bottles of bottled water. However, they still distrust the quality of the water, as well as the hygiene of the drinkers; with a high consumption of bottled water (32%) - increased volume of plastic waste. This can be circumvented by the implementation of a PSA-like methodology. As well as through investments in environmental awareness, promoting the consumption of public water, behaviors and good practices. In the rehabilitation and maintenance of the public distribution network and in the construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of public drinking fountains, placing them in strategic locations, choosing innovative designs and applying a summary form with information about the responsible entity, verification and maintenance dates and other information relevant information.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia da Qualidade e Ambiente
Keywords
Qualidade da água Water quality Plano de segurança da água Water safety plan Bebedouros públicos Drinking fountains Água da torneira Tap water Água engarrafada Bottled water Saúde pública Public health
Citation
GONÇALVES, Sara Isabel Alcântara - Avaliação dos factores que determinam a opção pelo consumo de água da rede pública versus consumo de água engarrafada: implicações ambientais e de saúde pública. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2018. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa