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Publication
Mitigação de ruído e das vibrações em infraestruturas rodoviárias
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Abstract(s)
As infraestruturas rodoviárias são fundamentais para o funcionamento e desenvolvimento civilizacional, servindo não só a população, como também para fins militares, industriais e comerciais. Com o crescimento da população, associado ao progresso tecnológico, tornou-se necessário aumentar o alcance e a capacidade de circulação rodoviária, aumentando consequentemente também alguns dos seus impactes negativos, tais como o ruído e as vibrações. O ruído e as vibrações podem ser resultantes de diferentes ações nas estradas, podendo ser gerados pelo contacto pneu/pavimento, pelo próprio funcionamento do veículo ou pela componente aerodinâmica. Estes fenómenos podem causar distúrbios nas atividades diárias, problemas de saúde na população e até comprometer a integridade da própria infraestrutura. As medidas de mitigação podem ser aplicadas na fonte do ruído, no percurso entre a fonte e o recetor ou no próprio recetor, existindo diferentes tipos de metodologias para mitigar o ruído e as vibrações nas infraestruturas rodoviárias. O presente documento apresenta os princípios físicos que determinam o comportamento das ondas sonoras, referencia a legislação em vigor em Portugal para o ruído rodoviário, apresenta diferentes tipos de sistemas para a mitigação de ruído, tais como a redução de velocidade de circulação, os pavimentos de baixo ruído e as barreiras acústicas (pré-fabricadas e barreiras compostas por materiais naturais). Para estes sistemas foram analisadas as suas características e os princípios de conceção, assim como a avaliação do seu desempenho face ao ruído e vibrações gerados nas infraestruturas rodoviárias. De acordo com a análise efetuada concluiu-se que pavimentos de baixo ruído e barreiras acústicas são as soluções predominantes e que na maioria das situações são utilizadas em complementaridade, não devendo ser comparadas por si só, pois a sua metodologia de atuação e função é diferente. Para estes dois tipos de sistemas, foi também possível concluir que as características fundamentais para a otimização do seu desempenho são, a textura, a porosidade e o volume de vazios, no caso dos pavimentos, e a geometria (secção), a densidade e a rigidez no caso das barreiras.
Abstract Road infrastructures are fundamental for the functioning and development of civilization, serving not only the population but also for military, industrial, and commercial purposes. With the population growth, associated with technological progress, it became necessary to increase the range and capacity of road infrastructures, consequently also increasing some of its negative impacts, such as noise and vibrations. Noise and vibrations can result from different actions on the roads, being generated by tire/pavement contact, by the vehicle's own operation, or by the aerodynamic component. These phenomena can cause disturbances in daily activities, health problems in the population, and even compromise the integrity of the infrastructure itself. Mitigation measures can be applied at the noise source, along the path between the source and the receiver, or at the receiver itself, there are different types of methodologies for mitigating noise and vibration on road infrastructure. This document presents the physical principles that determine the behaviour of sound waves, refers the legislation in force in Portugal regarding road noise, and describes the different types of noise mitigation systems, such as speed reduction, low-noise pavements and acoustic barriers (prefabricated and barriers made of natural materials). The design principles and the characteristics of these systems were analysed, as was the assessment of their performance regarding the noise and vibrations generated by road infrastructures. According to the analysis carried out, it was concluded that low-noise pavements and acoustic barriers are the predominant solutions and that in the majority of situations they are used in a complementary manner and should not be compared on their own, as their design methodology and purpose are different. For these two types of systems, it was also possible to conclude that the fundamental characteristics for optimising their performance are texture, porosity and volume of voids for pavements, and geometry (section), density and rigidity for barriers.
Abstract Road infrastructures are fundamental for the functioning and development of civilization, serving not only the population but also for military, industrial, and commercial purposes. With the population growth, associated with technological progress, it became necessary to increase the range and capacity of road infrastructures, consequently also increasing some of its negative impacts, such as noise and vibrations. Noise and vibrations can result from different actions on the roads, being generated by tire/pavement contact, by the vehicle's own operation, or by the aerodynamic component. These phenomena can cause disturbances in daily activities, health problems in the population, and even compromise the integrity of the infrastructure itself. Mitigation measures can be applied at the noise source, along the path between the source and the receiver, or at the receiver itself, there are different types of methodologies for mitigating noise and vibration on road infrastructure. This document presents the physical principles that determine the behaviour of sound waves, refers the legislation in force in Portugal regarding road noise, and describes the different types of noise mitigation systems, such as speed reduction, low-noise pavements and acoustic barriers (prefabricated and barriers made of natural materials). The design principles and the characteristics of these systems were analysed, as was the assessment of their performance regarding the noise and vibrations generated by road infrastructures. According to the analysis carried out, it was concluded that low-noise pavements and acoustic barriers are the predominant solutions and that in the majority of situations they are used in a complementary manner and should not be compared on their own, as their design methodology and purpose are different. For these two types of systems, it was also possible to conclude that the fundamental characteristics for optimising their performance are texture, porosity and volume of voids for pavements, and geometry (section), density and rigidity for barriers.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, na Área de Especialização de Vias de Comunicação e Transportes
Keywords
Ruído rodoviário Ligação pneu-pavimento Barreira acústica Mistura betuminos Roadway noise Tyre-road noise Noise barrier Asphalt mixture
Citation
BORGES, Miguel Guerreiro Garcia Almeida – Mitigação de ruído e das vibrações em infraestruturas rodoviárias. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa. 2024. Dissertação de Mestrado.