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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A reabilitação dos edifícios tem vindo a crescer de forma acentuada no setor da construção civil nos últimos anos, sobretudo devido à elevada idade de uma parte significativa dos edifícios portugueses. Por outro lado, nas estruturas e edifícios mais recentes é necessário definir estratégias por forma a minimizar a necessidade de manutenção através da prevenção das patologias que provocam a degradação das estruturas e consequentemente aumentam os custos com a reabilitação dos edifícios.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um resumo das principais patologias que se podem encontrar em estruturas de betão armado, com destaque para a carbonatação do betão e o ataque dos cloretos, e dos ensaios que se podem usar in situ para detetar ou determinar as causas das patologias. Pretende-se também enunciar algumas das técnicas de proteção, reforço e reparação de estruturas de betão armado, tendo em consideração a norma NP EN 1504 que define os produtos e sistemas para a proteção e reparação das estruturas de betão.
Neste trabalho também se aborda o tema da autorreparação do betão que, embora seja um tema ainda em desenvolvimento e investigação, tem gerado um aumento de interesse por parte de todos os intervenientes na área da engenharia civil e que pode revelar-se bastante útil na reparação de microfissuras protegendo as estruturas da entrada de agentes agressivos.
Por fim, efetuar-se-á o estudo de um caso prático, elaborando fichas de inspeção e diagnóstico de patologias no betão armado de um edifício e fichas de reparação para sugerir métodos de proteção ou reparação e produtos de acordo com os requisitos da norma.
The rehabilitation of buildings has been growing sharply in the civil construction sector in recent years, mainly due to the high age of a significant part of Portuguese buildings. On the other hand, in more recent structures and buildings it is necessary to define strategies in order to minimize the need for maintenance by preventing the pathologies that cause the degradation of the structures and consequently increase the costs with the rehabilitation of the buildings. The present work aims to summarize the main pathologies that can be found in reinforced concrete structures, especially the carbonation of concrete and the attack of chlorides, and the tests that can be used in situ to detect or determine the causes of pathologies. It is also intended to outline some of the techniques of protection, reinforcement and repair of reinforced concrete structures, taking into account the standard NP EN 1504 that defines the products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. This work also addresses the subject of self-healing concrete which, although it is a topic still under development and research, has generated an increase of interest on the part of all the actors in the area of civil engineering and that can prove very useful in the repair of microcracks protecting the structures of aggressive agents. Finally, the study of a practical case will be done, elaborating sheets of inspection and diagnosis of pathologies in the concrete of a building and repair sheets to suggest methods of protection or repair and products according to the requirements of the standard.
The rehabilitation of buildings has been growing sharply in the civil construction sector in recent years, mainly due to the high age of a significant part of Portuguese buildings. On the other hand, in more recent structures and buildings it is necessary to define strategies in order to minimize the need for maintenance by preventing the pathologies that cause the degradation of the structures and consequently increase the costs with the rehabilitation of the buildings. The present work aims to summarize the main pathologies that can be found in reinforced concrete structures, especially the carbonation of concrete and the attack of chlorides, and the tests that can be used in situ to detect or determine the causes of pathologies. It is also intended to outline some of the techniques of protection, reinforcement and repair of reinforced concrete structures, taking into account the standard NP EN 1504 that defines the products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. This work also addresses the subject of self-healing concrete which, although it is a topic still under development and research, has generated an increase of interest on the part of all the actors in the area of civil engineering and that can prove very useful in the repair of microcracks protecting the structures of aggressive agents. Finally, the study of a practical case will be done, elaborating sheets of inspection and diagnosis of pathologies in the concrete of a building and repair sheets to suggest methods of protection or repair and products according to the requirements of the standard.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Civil.
Keywords
Betão Armado Reinforced concrete Patologias do betão armado Reinforced concrete pathologies Corrosão Corrosion Carbonatação Carbonation Cloretos Chlorides Ensaios de betão Concrete tests NP EN 1504 EN 1504 Betão autorreparável Self-healing concrete
Citation
RODRIGUES, José Jorge Almeida - Proteção e reabilitação de estruturas de betão armado. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2017. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa