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Abstract(s)
O estado nutricional no período pré-concecional e durante a gravidez, são fatores determinantes no desenvolvimento e crescimento fetal, e por isso, a nutrição e a alimentação neste período são cruciais para otimizar não só a saúde materna, mas também assegurar as reservas necessárias ao desenvolvimento do feto, reduzir o risco de complicações neonatais e para o período pós-parto, tanto para a mãe como para a futura criança. Disfunções no estado nutricional (má nutrição, excesso de peso e obesidade) da mulher, desencadeadas ou agravadas pela gravidez, estão definitivamente associadas a desfechos deletérios para a saúde a longo prazo e a um maior risco de complicações maternas e perinatais, nomeadamente diabetes gestacional (DG), hipertensão arterial (HTA), pré-eclâmpsia, eclâmpsia, fenómenos tromboembólicos, infeções urinárias, parto-pré-termo, cesarianas, malformações fetais, macrossomia fetal, morte fetal, entre outras. Além de todas as complicações maternas e perinatais, tanto o ganho de peso ponderal excessivo, como o inferior ao recomendado, estão associados a maior risco de síndrome metabólica na infância e na idade adulta (1)(2). Felizmente, um acompanhamento precoce e rigoroso do nutricionista pode contribuir para uma gravidez sem complicações, na avaliação do estado nutricional e na adequação da evolução ponderal, bem como na correção e/ou orientação dos hábitos alimentares, que possam beneficiar a saúde da mãe, do recém-nascido após o parto, e da futura criança. É objetivo do presente trabalho relacionar a evolução ponderal, o estado nutricional, os parâmetros metabólicos (glicemia) e os hábitos alimentares das grávidas seguidas na consulta pré-natal do Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte - Hospital Santa Maria (CHLN-HSM), entre Outubro de 2020 e Janeiro de 2021, com as características clínicas do parto e do recém-nascido. Através do tratamento estatístico dos dados recolhidos foi possível perceber que, o índice de massa corporal prévio à gravidez tem uma relação significativa com o ganho de peso gestacional, com os valores de glicemia em jejum e com o peso do recém-nascido, estando o IMC pré-concecional superior a 25 associado a um risco 10,6 vezes superior de se verificar glicemia em jejum elevada e um maior peso no recém-nascido. Este estudo sugere que ter uma boa classificação de peso na preconceção pode revelar-se benéfico para um ganho de peso gestacional saudável e para um peso ao nascimento dentro de parâmetros recomendados que demonstrem melhores indicadores de saúde neonatal para a mãe e para o recém-nascido.
ABSTRACT - The nutritional status in the pre-conception period and during pregnancy are determining factors in fetal development and growth, and therefore, nutrition and food consumption during this period are crucial to not only optimize maternal health but also ensure the mandatory reserves for the development of the fetus, reduce the risk of neonatal and postpartum complications, for both the mother and the future child. Dysfunctions in a woman’s nutritional status (malnutrition, overweight, and obesity), triggered or aggravated by pregnancy are definitely associated with harmful long-term health outcomes and an increased risk of maternal and perinatal complications, including gestational diabetes (GD), arterial hypertension (HTA), pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, thromboembolic phenomena, urinary infections, preterm delivery, cesarean sections, fetal malformations, fetal macrosomia, fetal death, among others. In addition to all maternal and perinatal complications, both excessive weight gain and less than-recommended weight gain are associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome in childhood (1)(2). Fortunately, early and rigorous monitoring by the nutritionist can contribute to an uncomplicated pregnancy, in the assessment of nutritional status and in the adequacy of weight gain, as well as in the correction and/or guidance of eating habits, which can benefit the mother’s health, newborn after delivery, and the future child. The aim of this study is to relate the weight evolution, nutritional status, metabolic parameters (glycemia) and eating habits of pregnant women followed in the prenatal consultation at Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte – Hospital of Santa Maria (CHLN-HSM), between October 2020 and January 2021, with the clinical characteristics of childbirth and the newborn. Through the statistical treatment of the data collected, it was possible to see that the body mass index prior to pregnancy has a significant relationship with gestational weight gain, fasting blood glucose values, and the weight of the newborn, with the BMI being preconception greater than 25 associated with a 10,6 times higher risk of high fasting blood glucose and greater weight in the newborn. This study suggests that having a good preconception weight rating may prove beneficial for healthy gestational weight gain and birth weight within recommended parameters that demonstrate better neonatal health indicators for the mother and newborn.
ABSTRACT - The nutritional status in the pre-conception period and during pregnancy are determining factors in fetal development and growth, and therefore, nutrition and food consumption during this period are crucial to not only optimize maternal health but also ensure the mandatory reserves for the development of the fetus, reduce the risk of neonatal and postpartum complications, for both the mother and the future child. Dysfunctions in a woman’s nutritional status (malnutrition, overweight, and obesity), triggered or aggravated by pregnancy are definitely associated with harmful long-term health outcomes and an increased risk of maternal and perinatal complications, including gestational diabetes (GD), arterial hypertension (HTA), pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, thromboembolic phenomena, urinary infections, preterm delivery, cesarean sections, fetal malformations, fetal macrosomia, fetal death, among others. In addition to all maternal and perinatal complications, both excessive weight gain and less than-recommended weight gain are associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome in childhood (1)(2). Fortunately, early and rigorous monitoring by the nutritionist can contribute to an uncomplicated pregnancy, in the assessment of nutritional status and in the adequacy of weight gain, as well as in the correction and/or guidance of eating habits, which can benefit the mother’s health, newborn after delivery, and the future child. The aim of this study is to relate the weight evolution, nutritional status, metabolic parameters (glycemia) and eating habits of pregnant women followed in the prenatal consultation at Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte – Hospital of Santa Maria (CHLN-HSM), between October 2020 and January 2021, with the clinical characteristics of childbirth and the newborn. Through the statistical treatment of the data collected, it was possible to see that the body mass index prior to pregnancy has a significant relationship with gestational weight gain, fasting blood glucose values, and the weight of the newborn, with the BMI being preconception greater than 25 associated with a 10,6 times higher risk of high fasting blood glucose and greater weight in the newborn. This study suggests that having a good preconception weight rating may prove beneficial for healthy gestational weight gain and birth weight within recommended parameters that demonstrate better neonatal health indicators for the mother and newborn.
Description
Mestrado em Nutrição Clínica
Keywords
Nutrição Gravidez Estado nutricional Ganho de peso na gestação Comportamento alimentar Parto Recém-nascido
Citation
Aparício IS. Evolução ponderal e hábitos alimentares na gravidez: relação com outcomes do parto e do recém-nascido [dissertation]. Lisboa: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de lisboa; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa; 2021.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa