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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução – A miopia é uma condição comum que geralmente começa em idade escolar, sendo uma anomalia refrativa multifatorial associada sobretudo ao crescimento excessivo do comprimento axial do globo ocular. Os fatores de risco ambientais relacionam-se com longos períodos de realização de tarefas de perto, número de anos de escolaridade e reduzida atividade ao ar livre. A idade de início da miopia é um fator de risco para uma progressão mais rápida, existindo um maior risco de progredir para alta miopia (≤-5,00 dioptrias, D) no futuro. Objetivos – Estudar a relação entre o horário escolar, as atividades extracurriculares e o tempo ao ar livre e a idade de aparecimento de miopia em jovens adultos portugueses. Métodos – Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal descritivo. Foram recolhidos dados refrativos de sete óticas em Portugal. No estudo foram incluídos indivíduos entre os 25 anos e os 40 anos de idade. Através de um questionário foram recolhidos dados sobre fatores de risco (trabalhos de perto, tempo ao ar livre, aulas de apoio e anos de estudo) para análise da sua influência na idade de aparecimento da miopia e o equivalente esférico (EE). Modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram aplicados para avaliar os fatores associados à idade de aparecimento da miopia e ao EE. Resultados – Foram incluídos adultos míopes (n=54) com EE entre -0.50 e -18.50 D. A idade média foi de 32,63±4,37 anos e 51,85% eram do sexo feminino. O EE médio foi de -3,19±2,96 e a média da idade de aparecimento da miopia foi de 14,44±7,39 anos. Adultos com EE mais negativo apresentaram idade de aparecimento mais precoce (B=2,36; p<0,001). Adultos com mais anos de escolaridade (B=-0,20; p=0,030) e idade de aparecimento mais precoce apresentaram EE mais negativo (B=0,17; p<0,001). Conclusões – Este estudo mostrou que quanto mais cedo for a idade de aparecimento da miopia mais negativo será o valor do EE. Além disso, o EE mais negativo é influenciado por um maior número de anos de estudo.
ABSTRACT - Introduction – Myopia is a common condition with onset at school age. It is a multifactorial refractive anomaly associated with excessive axial length growth. Environmental risk factors are related to near work, number of years of schooling, and reduced outdoor activity. The age of onset of myopia is a risk factor for faster progression and risk of high myopia (≤-5.00 diopters, D). Aims – To study the relationship between school hours, extracurricular activities, and time outdoors and the age of myopia onset in young Portuguese adults. Methods – A descriptive cross-sectional study was developed. Refractive data was collected from seven optical stores in Portugal. The study included individuals between 25 years of age and 40 years of age. Through a questionnaire, data on risk factors (near work, time outdoors, tutorial classes, and years of study) were collected to analyze their influence on the age of onset of myopia and spherical equivalent (SE). Multiple linear regression models were applied to evaluate factors associated with the age of onset of myopia and SE. Results – Myopic adults (n=54) with SE between -0.50 and -18.50 D were included. The average age was 32.63±4.37 years and 51.85% were female. The mean SE was -3.19±2.96 and the mean age of onset of myopia was 14.44±7.39 years. Adults with more negative SE had an earlier age of onset (B=2.36; p<0.001). Adults with more years of education (B=-0.20; p=0.030) and earlier age of onset had more negative SE (B=0.17; p<0.001). Conclusions – This study showed that the earlier the age at which myopia appears, the more negative the SE value was. Furthermore, the more negative SE was influenced by a greater number of years of study.
ABSTRACT - Introduction – Myopia is a common condition with onset at school age. It is a multifactorial refractive anomaly associated with excessive axial length growth. Environmental risk factors are related to near work, number of years of schooling, and reduced outdoor activity. The age of onset of myopia is a risk factor for faster progression and risk of high myopia (≤-5.00 diopters, D). Aims – To study the relationship between school hours, extracurricular activities, and time outdoors and the age of myopia onset in young Portuguese adults. Methods – A descriptive cross-sectional study was developed. Refractive data was collected from seven optical stores in Portugal. The study included individuals between 25 years of age and 40 years of age. Through a questionnaire, data on risk factors (near work, time outdoors, tutorial classes, and years of study) were collected to analyze their influence on the age of onset of myopia and spherical equivalent (SE). Multiple linear regression models were applied to evaluate factors associated with the age of onset of myopia and SE. Results – Myopic adults (n=54) with SE between -0.50 and -18.50 D were included. The average age was 32.63±4.37 years and 51.85% were female. The mean SE was -3.19±2.96 and the mean age of onset of myopia was 14.44±7.39 years. Adults with more negative SE had an earlier age of onset (B=2.36; p<0.001). Adults with more years of education (B=-0.20; p=0.030) and earlier age of onset had more negative SE (B=0.17; p<0.001). Conclusions – This study showed that the earlier the age at which myopia appears, the more negative the SE value was. Furthermore, the more negative SE was influenced by a greater number of years of study.
Description
Keywords
Miopia Alta miopia Idade de aparecimento Tempo ao ar livre Horário escolar Atividades extracurriculares Jovem adulto Questionário Ortóptica Portugal Myopia High myopia Age of onset Time outdoors School hours Extracurricular activities Questionnaire Young adult Ortoptics Portugal
Citation
Pedro M, Sousa P, Silveira R, Lopes R, Plácido S, Mendanha L, Carolino E, Lança C. Relação entre o horário escolar e miopia em portugueses jovens adultos. Saúde & Tecnologia. 2023;(29):e788.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa