| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.58 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A terra é um dos principais materiais de construção utilizados pelo homem, uma vez que é um material de fácil acesso e transformação. No entanto, a construção com terra caiu em desuso com o passar dos tempos, perdendo-se o conhecimento empírico sobre as suas técnicas de execução e aplicação.
Hoje em dia, com a crescente preocupação com as questões ambientais, as construções com terra voltaram a ter destaque, uma vez que é um material abundante, reutilizável, de fácil transformação e com baixa energia incorporada, portanto é bastante ecológico.
Portugal é um país com tradição em construções com terra e possui um grande património edificado recorrendo a técnicas construtivas como a taipa. Assim, surge a necessidade de reabilitar e conservar edifícios antigos com técnicas adequadas, assunto sobre o qual a informação ainda é escassa.
Quanto às questões técnicas acerca dos rebocos de argamassas com terra, há necessidade de proceder a uma avaliação através de procedimentos normalizados, de modo a comparar as diferentes argamassas com terra entre si.
Assim, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo caracterizar cinco famílias de argamassas com terra, avaliando as suas propriedades físicas, hídricas e mecânicas e ainda, as suas vantagens e desvantagens em relação a outros tipos de argamassas no que se refere à reabilitação de construções em taipa. Quatro das cinco famílias são argamassas com terra com ou sem adição/substituição de cal aérea e a quinta família é uma argamassa de areia e cal aérea. As famílias foram caracterizadas no seu estado fresco, endurecido e aplicadas num suporte, aos 60 e 90 dias de idade, de modo a avaliar a evolução das características ao longo do tempo.
Com o presente trabalho foi possível concluir que a inclusão da cal nas argamassas com terra foi desvantajosa no que diz respeito ao comportamento hídrico, contudo melhorou alguns dos parâmetros resistentes. No que se refere à ação do tempo nas características das argamassas com terra verificou-se que, de forma geral, não houve grandes diferenças nos resultados com o avançar da idade.
The earth is one of the most construction materials used by the humanity, since it is a material of easy access and transformation. However, earth construction has fallen into disuse over time and the empirical knowledge about its execution and application techniques has been lost. Nowadays, with growing concern about environmental issues, earth construction have once again become prominent, because it is an abundant, reusable, easily processed material and with low embodied energy, so it is quite environmentally friendly. Portugal is a country with tradition in earth construction and it has a great built heritage using construction techniques like rammed earth. So, the need of rehabilitate and conserve old buildings arises, using adequate techniques, a matter which information still scarce. About the technical issues concerning earth mortars, it is necessary to use standard procedures in order to compare and evaluate each earth mortar. The present dissertation has as main objective to characterize five families of earth mortars, evaluating their physic, hydraulic and resistant properties and also their advantages and disadvantages in relation to other mortars in what concerns to rehabilitation of rammed earth constructions. Four out of five families are earth mortars with or without addition of non-hydraulic lime and the fifth family is a non- hydraulic mortar. The families will be characterized in fresh and hardened state at 60 and 90 days in order to evaluate the evolution of the characteristics over time. With this present dissertation it was possible to conclude that the inclusion of non-hydraulic lime had negative influence on hydraulic parameters of earth mortars, however it has improved the results of some of the resistant parameters. About the evolution of the characteristics over time, it was verified that, in general, there is no big differences in the results with the aging.
The earth is one of the most construction materials used by the humanity, since it is a material of easy access and transformation. However, earth construction has fallen into disuse over time and the empirical knowledge about its execution and application techniques has been lost. Nowadays, with growing concern about environmental issues, earth construction have once again become prominent, because it is an abundant, reusable, easily processed material and with low embodied energy, so it is quite environmentally friendly. Portugal is a country with tradition in earth construction and it has a great built heritage using construction techniques like rammed earth. So, the need of rehabilitate and conserve old buildings arises, using adequate techniques, a matter which information still scarce. About the technical issues concerning earth mortars, it is necessary to use standard procedures in order to compare and evaluate each earth mortar. The present dissertation has as main objective to characterize five families of earth mortars, evaluating their physic, hydraulic and resistant properties and also their advantages and disadvantages in relation to other mortars in what concerns to rehabilitation of rammed earth constructions. Four out of five families are earth mortars with or without addition of non-hydraulic lime and the fifth family is a non- hydraulic mortar. The families will be characterized in fresh and hardened state at 60 and 90 days in order to evaluate the evolution of the characteristics over time. With this present dissertation it was possible to conclude that the inclusion of non-hydraulic lime had negative influence on hydraulic parameters of earth mortars, however it has improved the results of some of the resistant parameters. About the evolution of the characteristics over time, it was verified that, in general, there is no big differences in the results with the aging.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Civil na área de Especialização de Edificações
Keywords
Reabilitação Rehabilitation Argamassa com terra Earth mortars Taipa Rammed earth Caracterização de argamassas Mortars characterization
Citation
PINTO, Andreia Sofia Samarro - A reabilitação em construções de taipa com a utilização de argamassas com terra com a adição de ligantes. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2018. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa