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Authors
Abstract(s)
O presente documento enquadra-se na temática da especialidade de Segurança Contra Incêndio em Edifícios (SCIE), consistindo no estudo de diversos equipamentos e metodologias de combate ao incêndio, sendo para isso posteriormente apresentado um projeto desta especialidade nas instalações da Mercedes-Benz Portugal. Por forma a justificar as necessidades de implementação e constante melhoria dos meios de extinção, controlo de fumos e evacuação, são abordados diversos conceitos exemplificativos da gravidade de um incêndio, sendo mencionados e apresentados documentos normativos e técnicos existentes, associados a esta temática. Dando enfoque ao tema do presente documento, foi realizado um estudo sobre as vertentes da Segurança Contra Incêndios, como a fenomenologia do fogo e causas para o seu crescimento, a sua deteção e posterior extinção agregada aos diversos sistemas e equipamentos utilizados, a compartimentação corta-fogo e o controlo de fumos por meios naturais e mecânicos. Posteriormente foram apresentados os conceitos e metodologias de controlo de fumos, sendo para isso explicitados os processos de desenfumagem e sobrepressão de um local, que se encontram intimamente relacionados à conceptualização de matrizes de incêndio. Foi ainda apresentado o conceito de evacuação de edifícios incluindo as diversas metodologias e tecnologias de implementação, que possuem como objetivo garantir a segurança de todos os intervenientes de um edifício. Desta forma, foi explicitada a metodologia de elaboração de uma Matriz de Incêndio, para as diversas Utilizações-Tipo, que implemente os meios possíveis de controlo de fumos, possuindo como objetivo melhorar a evacuação de pessoas. Por fim, e por forma a enquadrar os objetivos do documento, foram utilizadas como base as metodologias de realização de uma Matriz de Incêndio com a Metodologia utilizada no caso de estudo das instalações da Mercedes-Benz Portugal, sendo para tal justificada a implementação da respetiva Matriz de Incêndio.
This document is part of the Fire Safety in Building theme, which consists of the study of various equipments and methodologies of firefighting, for which a project of this speciality will subsequently be presented in the Mercedes-Benz facilities. In order to justify the need to implement, and constantly improve the means of extinguishing, smoke control and evacuation, various concepts were discussed that illustrate the severity of a fire, using existing normative and technical documents related to this subject, which are mentioned and presented. Focusing on the theme of this document, a study was carried out on the aspects of Fire Safety, such as the phenomenology of fire and the causes for its growth, its detection and subsequent extinguishment added to the various systems and equipment used, the fire compartmentation and smoke control by natural and mechanical means. Subsequently, the concepts and methodologies for smoke control were presented, explaining the smoke removal and overpressure processes in a determined location, which are closely related to the concept of fire matrices. The concept of evacuation was also presented, including the various methodologies and implementation technologies, which aim to ensure the safety of all those involved in a building. In this way, the methodology for preparing a Fire Matrix was explained, for the various uses, which implements the possible means of smoke control, with the objective of improving the evacuation of people. Finally, and in order to frame the objectives of the document, the methodologies for carrying out a Fire Matrix were used as a basis with the methodology used in the case study of the Mercedes-Benz Portugal Facilities, justifying the implementation of the respective Fire Matrix.
This document is part of the Fire Safety in Building theme, which consists of the study of various equipments and methodologies of firefighting, for which a project of this speciality will subsequently be presented in the Mercedes-Benz facilities. In order to justify the need to implement, and constantly improve the means of extinguishing, smoke control and evacuation, various concepts were discussed that illustrate the severity of a fire, using existing normative and technical documents related to this subject, which are mentioned and presented. Focusing on the theme of this document, a study was carried out on the aspects of Fire Safety, such as the phenomenology of fire and the causes for its growth, its detection and subsequent extinguishment added to the various systems and equipment used, the fire compartmentation and smoke control by natural and mechanical means. Subsequently, the concepts and methodologies for smoke control were presented, explaining the smoke removal and overpressure processes in a determined location, which are closely related to the concept of fire matrices. The concept of evacuation was also presented, including the various methodologies and implementation technologies, which aim to ensure the safety of all those involved in a building. In this way, the methodology for preparing a Fire Matrix was explained, for the various uses, which implements the possible means of smoke control, with the objective of improving the evacuation of people. Finally, and in order to frame the objectives of the document, the methodologies for carrying out a Fire Matrix were used as a basis with the methodology used in the case study of the Mercedes-Benz Portugal Facilities, justifying the implementation of the respective Fire Matrix.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica.
Keywords
Fogo Deteção Extinção Desenfumagem Matriz de Incêndio Fire Detection Extinguishing Smoke removal Fire matrix
Citation
SANTOS, Miguel Pacheco dos - Importância da matriz de incêndio no controlo de fumo e na evacuação de edifícios. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2023. Dissertação de Mestrado.