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Detection of TR34/L98H pan-azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in poultry farm environments
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Introduction: Poultry farms have been recognized as environments prone to fungal contamination. However, the occurrence of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and its cytotoxic potential remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to characterize the occurrence, cytotoxic potential, and azole-resistance profile of Aspergillus section Fumigati in poultry farms.Methods: A total of 420 samples, including air (n = 47), electrostatic dust cloths (n = 87), bedding (n = 87), feed (n = 95), swabs (n = 87), workers’ masks (n = 2), and broiler breast (n = 15), were obtained. Fungal characterization was performed through culture-based methods (27 °C and 37 °C), followed by azole resistance screening according to EUCAST guidelines. Resistant isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and a targeted analysis of cyp51A mutations. The cytotoxicity potential of fungal isolates and environmental samples was evaluated using selected cell lines representing respiratory organs (human alveolar [A549]) and detoxification organs (swine kidney [SK]/hepatocellular carcinoma [HepG2]). Results: Seven putative Aspergillus fumigatus isolates exhibited pan-azole resistance (MICs: ≥ 2 mg/L ITR/VOR; ≥ 1mg/L for POS). Four isolates carried the TR34/L98H mutation and were recovered from bedding (n = 3) and air (n = 1), suggesting the presence of resistant A. fumigatus in poultry farm matrices. Although 12% of isolates induced toxicity on both cell lines (17/145), no significant association was observed between isolate cytotoxicity and environmental sample toxicity, suggesting that additional biological and chemical components may contribute to the overall toxicological profile of farm environments. Discussion: The study highlights the occurrence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus in poultry farms and supports integrated surveillance approaches addressing antifungal resistance and environmental exposure risks in poultry production.
Descrição
The author(s) declared that financial support was received for this work and/or its publication. This work was supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., through project UI/BD/153746/2022 and the CE3C unit UID/00329/2025. It was also supported by project 2023.01366.BD.
Palavras-chave
Aspergillus fumigatus Azole-resistance profile Bedding material cyp51A gene mutations Cytotoxic potential One health FCT_UI/BD/153746/2022 CE3C unit UID/00329/2025 2023.01366.BD
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Gomes B, Dias M, Cervantes R, Gonçalves L, Carolino E, Viegas C, et al. Detection of TR34/L98H pan-azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in poultry farm environments. Front Fungal Biol. 2026;7:1858050.
Editora
Frontiers Media SA