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Abstract(s)
O Acordo de Basileia III constitui a resposta do Comité de Basileia, em termos de regulamentação, que surgiu após a recente crise financeira. As exigências de capital estipuladas no Acordo de Basileia III, representam um enorme desafio para as instituições bancárias. Tendo em consideração a importância que o sistema bancário desempenha no financiamento da economia portuguesa, em especial na concessão de crédito às PME’s.
O presente trabalho pretende investigar de que forma os principais grupos bancários presentes no sistema financeiro nacional, se estão a adaptar no cumprimento de requisitos de capital mais elevados e em que medida a adaptação se pode transpor num aumento da taxa de juro dos empréstimos concedidos por parte de cada grupo bancário, e de que forma esse alinhamento por parte dos grupos impacta no seu modelo de negócio.
A investigação terá como base a análise das Demonstrações Financeiras dos grupos da amostra e a aplicação do Modelo Contabilístico de Biase (2012), e para um horizonte temporal de 6 anos ocorrido entre 2012 e 2017.
De acordo com o nosso estudo, apesar das exigências mais elevadas do Acordo Basileia III os seus efeitos no financiamento à economia nacional e, consequentemente, às PME’s, não se revestem de significância relativa, uma vez que, os resultados obtidos pela aplicação do Modelo de Biase, confirmarão os dados alcançados por outros autores em estudos similares, sugerindo que o cumprimento de níveis de capital mais altos, produz um efeito residual sobre as taxas de juro dos financiamentos concedidos pelos grupos bancários da amostra, mantendo o seu ROE inalterado. São também apresentadas alternativas comerciais e operacionais, que os grupos bancários da amostra podem adotar, no sentido de evitar transferir para as taxas aplicadas nos empréstimos, os efeitos decorrentes dos custos associados a níveis de capital mais altos. Da análise às Demonstrações Financeiras, observou-se que os grupos analisados, para além de aumentos de capital com o objetivo adicionar robustez aos mesmos, recorreram à redução das suas carteiras de crédito em risco e no redimensionamento das suas estruturas como meio de redução de custos. Em suma, observou-se uma mudança no paradigma do setor bancário, focado na criação de uma nova fase assente numa estrutura mais flexível e eficiente ao nível dos custos, a nível nacional, mas sem perder de vista as novas oportunidades que privilegiem a utilização de plataformas online e móveis.
The Basel III is the Basel Committee's come back in terms of regulation that emerged after the recent financial crisis. The capital requirements stipulated in Basel III represent a huge challenge for banking institutions. Considering the importance that the banking system plays in the financing of the Portuguese economy, especially in the conceding of credit to SMEs, the present work intends to investigate how the main banking groups present in the national financial system are adapting themselves in the accomplishment of higher capital requirements, and to what extent adaptation can be transposed into an increase in the interest rate of the loans granted by each banking group and how this alignment by the groups impacts on its business model. The research will be based on a Financial Statements analysis for the groups of the sample and in the application of the Accounting Model of Biase (2012), for a time horizon of 6 years between 2012 and 2017. According to our study, despite the higher requirements of the Basel III Agreement, its effects on the financing of the national economy and, consequently, SMEs are not of relative significance, since the results obtained by applying the Biase Model, will confirm data obtained by other authors in similar studies, suggesting that meeting higher capital levels produces a residual effect on the interest rates of the loans granted by the banking groups of the sample, keeping their ROE unchanged. Commercial and operational alternatives are also presented, which the banking groups of the sample may choose, in order to avoid transferring to the rates applied in the loans, the effects arising from the costs associated with higher levels of capital. According to our study, despite the higher requirements of the Basel III Agreement, its effects on the financing of the national economy and, consequently, SMEs are not of relative significance, since the results obtained by applying the Biase Model, will confirm data obtained by other authors in similar studies, suggesting that meeting higher capital levels produces a residual effect on the interest rates of the loans granted by the banking groups of the sample, keeping their ROE unchanged. From the Financial Statements analysis, it was observed that the analysed groups, in addition to capital increases with the objective of adding sturdiness to them, resorted to the deleveraging of their credit portfolios at risk and the re-dimensioning of their structures as a means of reducing costs. In short, there was a change in the banking sector paradigm, focused on creating a new phase based on a more flexible and cost-efficient structure at the national level, but without losing sight of the new opportunities that indulge the use of platforms online and mobile and in the activities.
The Basel III is the Basel Committee's come back in terms of regulation that emerged after the recent financial crisis. The capital requirements stipulated in Basel III represent a huge challenge for banking institutions. Considering the importance that the banking system plays in the financing of the Portuguese economy, especially in the conceding of credit to SMEs, the present work intends to investigate how the main banking groups present in the national financial system are adapting themselves in the accomplishment of higher capital requirements, and to what extent adaptation can be transposed into an increase in the interest rate of the loans granted by each banking group and how this alignment by the groups impacts on its business model. The research will be based on a Financial Statements analysis for the groups of the sample and in the application of the Accounting Model of Biase (2012), for a time horizon of 6 years between 2012 and 2017. According to our study, despite the higher requirements of the Basel III Agreement, its effects on the financing of the national economy and, consequently, SMEs are not of relative significance, since the results obtained by applying the Biase Model, will confirm data obtained by other authors in similar studies, suggesting that meeting higher capital levels produces a residual effect on the interest rates of the loans granted by the banking groups of the sample, keeping their ROE unchanged. Commercial and operational alternatives are also presented, which the banking groups of the sample may choose, in order to avoid transferring to the rates applied in the loans, the effects arising from the costs associated with higher levels of capital. According to our study, despite the higher requirements of the Basel III Agreement, its effects on the financing of the national economy and, consequently, SMEs are not of relative significance, since the results obtained by applying the Biase Model, will confirm data obtained by other authors in similar studies, suggesting that meeting higher capital levels produces a residual effect on the interest rates of the loans granted by the banking groups of the sample, keeping their ROE unchanged. From the Financial Statements analysis, it was observed that the analysed groups, in addition to capital increases with the objective of adding sturdiness to them, resorted to the deleveraging of their credit portfolios at risk and the re-dimensioning of their structures as a means of reducing costs. In short, there was a change in the banking sector paradigm, focused on creating a new phase based on a more flexible and cost-efficient structure at the national level, but without losing sight of the new opportunities that indulge the use of platforms online and mobile and in the activities.
Description
Mestrado em Controlo de Gestão e dos Negócios
Keywords
Basileia III Modelo Contabilístico de Biase PME’s Capital Requisitos Crédito Crise financeira Sistema bancário Basel III Accounting Model of Biase SMEs Capital Requirements Credit Financial crisis Banking system