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Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema de conversão DC-AC com dois estágios, concebido para transformar uma tensão contínua de baixa tensão, proveniente de uma bateria, numa tensão alternada sinusoidal de 230 V eficaz, a 50 Hz. O primeiro estágio consiste num conversor de tipo flyback com realimentação e regulação, responsável pela elevação da tensão até 330 V DC. Diversas estratégias de controlo e topologias foram analisadas para maximizar a estabilidade e a eficiência do sistema, incluindo a implementação de um snubber regenerativo com deteção de falhas e resposta automática. O segundo estágio converte a tensão contínua elevada numa forma de onda sinusoidal utilizando uma ponte de transístores com modulação por largura de impulso (PWM), complementada por um filtro passa-baixo que assegura a forma da onda sinusoidal na saída. O sistema integra ainda medição de corrente e tensão, com envio dos dados via Bluetooth para uma aplicação em Windows, que realiza a Transformada Discreta de Fourier (DFT) e permite a visualização e análise espectral da saída. Através dos ensaios realizados com diferentes tipos de carga, foi possível avaliar o comportamento harmónico do sistema e validar a eficácia da conversão. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade da abordagem adotada e a sua aplicabilidade em contextos onde
se exige uma alimentação alternada estável a partir de fontes contínuas de baixa tensão.
Abstract This work presents the development of a two-stage DC-AC conversion system designed to transform a low-voltage DC source, such as a battery, into a 230 V RMS sinusoidal AC voltage at 50 Hz. The first stage is a flyback converter with feedback and regulation, responsible for stepping up the voltage to 330 V DC. Various control strategies and topologies were analyzed to maximize the system's stability and efficiency, including the implementation of a regenerative snubber with fault detection and automatic response. The second stage converts the high DC voltage into a sinusoidal waveform using a transistor bridge with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), complemented by a low-pass filter to ensure the quality of the output waveform. The system also integrates voltage and current measurement, with data transmission via Bluetooth to a Windows application, which performs the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and allows spectral visualization and analysis of the output. Through tests carried out with different types of loads, the harmonic behavior of the system was evaluated, and the effectiveness of the conversion approach was validated. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system and its applicability in contexts where stable AC power is required from low-voltage DC sources.
Abstract This work presents the development of a two-stage DC-AC conversion system designed to transform a low-voltage DC source, such as a battery, into a 230 V RMS sinusoidal AC voltage at 50 Hz. The first stage is a flyback converter with feedback and regulation, responsible for stepping up the voltage to 330 V DC. Various control strategies and topologies were analyzed to maximize the system's stability and efficiency, including the implementation of a regenerative snubber with fault detection and automatic response. The second stage converts the high DC voltage into a sinusoidal waveform using a transistor bridge with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), complemented by a low-pass filter to ensure the quality of the output waveform. The system also integrates voltage and current measurement, with data transmission via Bluetooth to a Windows application, which performs the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and allows spectral visualization and analysis of the output. Through tests carried out with different types of loads, the harmonic behavior of the system was evaluated, and the effectiveness of the conversion approach was validated. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system and its applicability in contexts where stable AC power is required from low-voltage DC sources.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Conversor DC-AC Flyback PWM Snubber regenerativo DFT Qualidade de energia Aplicação de análise espectral Eletrónica de potência DC-AC converter Regenerative snubber Power quality Spectral analysis application Power electronics
