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Authors
Abstract(s)
O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi a aplicação de nanofluidos em processos energéticos. Em seguimento do que é esperado no contexto do Mestrado em Engenharia Química e Biológica, durante a realização do trabalho experimental foi dada importância à aplicação dos nanofluidos em Engenharia Química, nomeadamente no setor energético.
A produção de diferentes nanofluidos, nomeadamente contendo líquidos iónicos, para aplicações energéticas e em reações catalíticas com interesse energético foram realizadas.
A nível energético produziu-se um sensor metálico, baseado no estudo da resistência para determinar os diferentes incrementos de temperatura obtidos, utilizando diferentes nanofluidos, e assim obter uma indicação de quais são os mais indicados a serem utilizados como fluidos energéticos alternativos.
A nível catalítico, estudaram-se as reações de acoplamento carbono-carbono entre substratos apropriadamente funcionalizados, cuja aplicação à síntese de compostos de interesse farmacêutico (síntese de componentes de medicamentos ou de candidatos a medicamentos), tem grande interesse em Química e em Biologia.
A oxidação do 1- feniletanol foi realizada, devido ao interesse existente nesta reação modelo para a produção de cetonas. Estudou-se diferentes métodos de irradiação e obteve-se rendimento de 100% em 30 minutos, para o sistema irradiado por micro-ondas, utilizando o líquido iónico [N1,8,8,8][FeCl4].
A oxidação do glicerol, outra reação de grande interesse energético e biológico também foi estudada e obteve-se 17% de dihidroxiacetona, ao fim de 1h, a 25 °C e utilizando peróxido de hidrogénio (H2O2, 30% solução aquosa) como oxidante e como catalisador o escorpianato de ferro (II), [FeCl2{HC(pz)3}].
The main objetive of this thesis is the application of nanofluids in energy processes. Following the context of the masters in chemical and biologic engineering, during the experimental work, relevance was given to the application of nanofluids in chemical engineering. Different nanofluids containing ionic liquids were produced and used in energy and catalytic reactions of interest. In what concerns to energy, a metal sensor was produced based on the study of resistance, in order to determine the increase of temperature that took place, using different nanofluids and making it possible to evaluate which are the most suitable to be used as alternative energetic fluids. Concerning catalysis, carbon-carbon coupling reactions using functionalized substrates were performed. Their application to the synthesis of compounds of pharmaceutical interest is of great importance to chemistry and biology. The oxidation of 1-phenylethanol took place due to existing interest in this model reaction for the production of ketones. Different methods of irradiation were studied and a 100% yield was obtained, after 30 minutes, using microwave irradiation and using as solvent the ionic liquid, [N1,8,8,8][FeCl4]. Glycerol oxidation, another reaction of great energetic and biological interest, was also studied and the best result was 17% dihydroxyacetone after 2 hours at 25 °C using hydrogen peroxide (30% in water) as oxidant and iron (II), [FeCl2{HC(pz)3}], as catalyst.
The main objetive of this thesis is the application of nanofluids in energy processes. Following the context of the masters in chemical and biologic engineering, during the experimental work, relevance was given to the application of nanofluids in chemical engineering. Different nanofluids containing ionic liquids were produced and used in energy and catalytic reactions of interest. In what concerns to energy, a metal sensor was produced based on the study of resistance, in order to determine the increase of temperature that took place, using different nanofluids and making it possible to evaluate which are the most suitable to be used as alternative energetic fluids. Concerning catalysis, carbon-carbon coupling reactions using functionalized substrates were performed. Their application to the synthesis of compounds of pharmaceutical interest is of great importance to chemistry and biology. The oxidation of 1-phenylethanol took place due to existing interest in this model reaction for the production of ketones. Different methods of irradiation were studied and a 100% yield was obtained, after 30 minutes, using microwave irradiation and using as solvent the ionic liquid, [N1,8,8,8][FeCl4]. Glycerol oxidation, another reaction of great energetic and biological interest, was also studied and the best result was 17% dihydroxyacetone after 2 hours at 25 °C using hydrogen peroxide (30% in water) as oxidant and iron (II), [FeCl2{HC(pz)3}], as catalyst.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Química e Biológica
Keywords
Nanofluidos Nanofluids Ionanofluidos Ionanofluids Catálise Catalysis Energia Energy Nanopartículas Nanoparticles Líquidos iónicos Ionic liquids
Citation
MATIAS, Inês Andreia Simão - Nanofluidos para aplicações energéticas. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2016. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa