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Prevalence of anisometropia and its associated factors in school-age children

2024-01Journal article Embargoed access
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dc.contributor.authorHashemi, Hassan
dc.contributor.authorKhabazkhoob, Mehdi
dc.contributor.authorLança, Carla
dc.contributor.authorEmamian, Mohammad Hassan
dc.contributor.authorFotouhi, Akbar
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-05T11:06:07Z
dc.date.embargo2026-02-05
dc.date.issued2024-01
dc.descriptionShahroud School Children Eye Cohort Study is funded by the Noor Ophthalmology Research Center and Shahroud University of Medical Sciences [Grant Number: 960351].pt_PT
dc.description.abstractPurpose: To determine the prevalence of anisometropia and the associated demographic and biometric risk factors in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the elementary school children of Shahroud, east of Iran, in 2015. All rural students were recruited, while multistage cluster sampling was used to select the students in urban areas. All children underwent optometric examinations including the measurement of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, autorefraction, and subjective refraction with cycloplegia. Biometric components were measured using the Allegro Biograph. Myopia and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent ≤-0.5 and ≥ +2.00 diopter, respectively. Students with a history of ocular trauma or lack of cycloplegic refraction at least in one eye were excluded from the study. Results: Of 6624 selected children, 5620 participated in the study. After applying the exclusion criteria, the data of 5357 students (boys: 52.8%, n = 2834) were analyzed. The mean age of the subjects was 9.2 ± 1.7 years (range: 6-12 years). The prevalence of anisometropia ≥ 1 D was 1.1% (95% CI: 0.8 to 1.4) in all children, 1.0% (95% CI: 0.7-1.3) in boys, 1.3% (95% CI: 0.8-1.7) in girls, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.8-1.4) in urban children, and 1.4% (95% CI: 0.5-2.3) in rural children. The prevalence of anisometropia was 8.8% (95% CI: 5.3-12.2) in myopic and 5.7% (95% CI: 2.8-8.5) in hyperopic children. Axial length asymmetry (OR = 40.9; 95%CI: 10.2-164.1), myopia (OR = 17.9; 95% CI: 9.4-33.9), and hyperopia (OR = 10.1; 95% CI: (5.1-19.7) were associated with anisometropia in multiple logistic regression model. More anisometropia was associated with more severe amblyopia. The odds of amblyopia (OR = 82.3: 38.2-177-3) and strabismus (OR = 17.6: 5.5-56.4) were significantly higher in anisometropic children. The prevalence of amblyopia was 21.7% in children with myopic anisometropia ≥ 3D, 66.7% in children with hyperopic anisometropia ≥ 3D, and 100% in cases with antimetropia ≥ 3D. Conclusion: The prevalence of anisometropia was low in Iranian schoolchildren. However, a high percentage of anisometropic students had amblyopia and strabismus. Axial length was the most important biometric component associated with anisometropia.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationHashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Lança C, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. Prevalence of anisometropia and its associated factors in school-age children. Strabismus. 2024;32(1):1-10.pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/09273972.2023.2293883pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/17048
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherTaylor & Francispt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09273972.2023.2293883pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectOphthalmologypt_PT
dc.subjectOrthopticspt_PT
dc.subjectAnisometropiapt_PT
dc.subjectAxial lengthpt_PT
dc.subjectMyopiapt_PT
dc.subjectChildrenpt_PT
dc.subjectIranpt_PT
dc.titlePrevalence of anisometropia and its associated factors in school-age childrenpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage10pt_PT
oaire.citation.endPage10pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleStrabismuspt_PT
oaire.citation.volume32pt_PT
person.familyNameLança
person.givenNameCarla
person.identifier.ciencia-id601A-6412-BF2F
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9918-787X
rcaap.rightsembargoedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication0320b455-ee19-4670-8bf2-10dce9de1bec
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0320b455-ee19-4670-8bf2-10dce9de1bec

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