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Resumo(s)
De forma a garantir a segurança de cada dádiva de sangue, estas são submetidas a testes de rastreio para agentes infeciosos. De acordo com as informações proporcionados por 164 países ao banco de dados da OMS, cerca de 1,6 milhões de unidades são descartadas em todo o mundo devido à presença de marcadores infeciosos para doenças transmissíveis por transfusão. As infeções transmitidas por transfusão podem ser causadas por agentes denominados “clássicos” (VIH, VHB, VHC; HTLV) ou por agentes emergentes, reemergentes e/ou que resultam de surtos epidémicos (Vírus do Nilo Ocidental; Vírus da Dengue). Neste estudo avaliou-se a realidade sobre a transmissão de agentes infeciosos pelas dádivas de sangue em Portugal; foram analisados e comparados os resultados do nosso país com outras zonas do Mundo; evidenciou-se a importância da implementação de estratégias de hemovigilância e pretendeu-se relacionar os vários resultados alcançados de forma a obter uma resposta reflexiva em Saúde Pública. O presente estudo é uma revisão sistemática da literatura, assente numa pesquisa efetuada eletronicamente recorrendo a bases de dados certificadas. Os resultados obtidos em diferentes regiões do Mundo demonstram discrepâncias. O T.Pallidum é o agente infecioso mais notificado em Portugal. Em 2018 foram notificados 90 casos de T.Pallidum, 16 de VHB, 10 de VIH, 9 de VHC e 4 de HTLV. Em Portugal, à semelhança do que ocorre noutras partes do mundo, a segurança transfusional tem vindo a aumentar a cada ano, devido à implementação de medidas que visam assegurar um elevado nível de proteção da saúde pública.
ABSTRACT - To ensure the safety of each blood donation, they are subjected to screening tests for infectious agents. According to information provided by 164 countries to the WHO database, about 1.6 million units are discarded worldwide due to the presence of infectious markers for transfusion-transmitted diseases. Infections transmitted by transfusion can be caused by agents called “conventional” (HIV, HBV, HCV; HTLV) or by emerging, reemerging and/or resulting from epidemic outbreaks (West Nile Virus; Dengue Virus). In this study, the reality of the transmission of infectious agents by blood donations in Portugal was assessed; the results of our country were analyzed and compared with other parts of the world; the importance of implementing hemovigilance strategies was evidenced and the intention was to relate the various results achieved in order to obtain a reflexive response in Public Health. The present study is a systematic review of the literature, based on a research carried out electronically using certified databases. The results obtained in different regions of the world show discrepancies. T.Pallidum is the most notified infectious agent in Portugal. In 2018, 90 cases of T. Pallidum, 16 of HBV, 10 of HIV, 9 of HCV and 4 of HTLV were reported. In Portugal, as in other parts of the world, transfusion safety has been increasing every year, due to the implementation of measures aimed at ensuring a high level of protection of public health.
ABSTRACT - To ensure the safety of each blood donation, they are subjected to screening tests for infectious agents. According to information provided by 164 countries to the WHO database, about 1.6 million units are discarded worldwide due to the presence of infectious markers for transfusion-transmitted diseases. Infections transmitted by transfusion can be caused by agents called “conventional” (HIV, HBV, HCV; HTLV) or by emerging, reemerging and/or resulting from epidemic outbreaks (West Nile Virus; Dengue Virus). In this study, the reality of the transmission of infectious agents by blood donations in Portugal was assessed; the results of our country were analyzed and compared with other parts of the world; the importance of implementing hemovigilance strategies was evidenced and the intention was to relate the various results achieved in order to obtain a reflexive response in Public Health. The present study is a systematic review of the literature, based on a research carried out electronically using certified databases. The results obtained in different regions of the world show discrepancies. T.Pallidum is the most notified infectious agent in Portugal. In 2018, 90 cases of T. Pallidum, 16 of HBV, 10 of HIV, 9 of HCV and 4 of HTLV were reported. In Portugal, as in other parts of the world, transfusion safety has been increasing every year, due to the implementation of measures aimed at ensuring a high level of protection of public health.
Descrição
Mestrado em Tecnologias Clínico-Laboratoriais
Palavras-chave
Hemovigilância Sangue Agente infecioso Dador de sangue Hemovigilance Blood Infectious agent Donors Portugal
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Nuñez IG. Prevalência de agentes infeciosos nos dadores de sangue em Portugal [dissertation]. Lisboa: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2020.
Editora
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa