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- Supported C-Scorpionate Vanadium(IV) Complexes as Reusable Catalysts for Xylene OxidationPublication . Wang, Jiawei; Martins, Luisa; Da Costa Ribeiro, Ana Paula; Carabineiro, Sonia Alexandra Correia; Figueiredo, José L.; Pombeiro, ArmandoC-Scorpionate vanadium(IV) [VOxCl3-x{k(3)-RC(pz)(3)}] [pz = pyrazol-1-yl; x=0, R = SO3 (1); x = 1, R= CH2OH (2) or CH2OSO2Me (3)] complexes supported on functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the first V-scorpionate catalysts used so far for the neat oxidation of o-, m- or p-xylene, with TBHP (70% aqueous solution), to the corresponding toluic acids (main products), tolualdehydes and methylbenzyl alcohols. Remarkably, a p-toluic acid yield of 43% (73% selectivity, TON = 1.34 V 10(3)) was obtained with 2@CNT in a simple microwave-assisted mild oxidation procedure, using a very low catalyst charge (3.2 x 10(-2) mol% vs. substrate). Further, this occurred in the absence of any bromine source, what is significant towards the development of a greener and more sustainable process for oxidation of xylenes. Moreover, reuse of catalysts with preservation of their activity was found for up to six consecutive cycles. The effects of reaction parameters, such as reaction time, temperature, amount of catalyst or type of heating source, on the performance of the above catalytic systems are reported and discussed.
- Catalytic performance of Fe(II)-scorpionate complexes towards cyclohexane oxidation in organic, ionic liquid and/or supercritical CO2 media: a comparative studyPublication . Da Costa Ribeiro, Ana Paula; Martins, Luisa; Alegria, Elisabete; Matias, Inês A. S.; Duarte, Tiago A. G.; Pombeiro, ArmandoThe catalytic activity of the iron(II) C-scorpionate complexes [FeCl2{HC(pz)3}] 1 (pz = pyrazol-1-yl) and [FeCl2{HOCH2C(pz)3}] 2, and of their precursor FeCl2·2H2O 3, towards cyclohexane oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide was evaluated and compared in different media: acetonitrile, ionic liquids (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][PF6], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, [bmim][FAP]), supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), and scCO2/[bmim][X] (X = PF6 or FAP) mixtures. The use of such alternative solvents led to efficient and selective protocols for the oxidation of cyclohexane. Moreover, tuning the alcohol/ketone selectivity was possible by choosing the suitable solvent.
- New trendy magnetic C-scorpionate iron catalyst and its performance towards cyclohexane oxidationPublication . Da Costa Ribeiro, Ana Paula; Matias, Inês; Alegria, Elisabete; Ferraria, Ana Maria; Rego, Ana; Pombeiro, Armando; Martins, LuisaFor the first time, a magnetic C-scorpionate catalyst was prepared from the iron(II) complex [FeCl2{_3-HC(pz)3}] (pz = pyrazol-1-yl) and ferrite, using the sustainable mechanochemical synthetic procedure. Its catalytic activity for the cyclohexane oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was evaluated in different conditions, namely under microwave irradiation and under the effect of an external magnetic field. The use of such magnetic conditions significantly shifted the catalyst alcohol/ketone selectivity, thus revealing a promising, easy new protocol for tuning selectivity in important catalytic processes.